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Chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline at the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district in South China: Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids

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Abstract

The Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district in South China is the second largest tin district in the world with a tin reserve of over one million tonnes. Zn-Cu skarn and stratiform, massive, and vein Sn-Pb-Zn ores are all present in this district. This has led to a debate as to whether the Sn orebodies were formed by Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal replacement or Devonian submarine exhalative-hydrothermal sedimentation. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the major, trace element, and boron isotopic compositions of different types of tourmaline in the Dachang ore district. Tourmaline disseminated in the Longxianggai granite and pegmatite veins belongs to the schorl series and has high contents of Li, Zn, and Ga. The δ11B value of primary magma of the Longxianggai granite is estimated to be about −13‰, close to the global average δ11B value (−11‰) for S-type granites. Tourmaline from quartz-tourmaline veins in the Longxianggai granite has similar chemical composition to the magmatic tourmaline and likely formed from hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the evolved granitic melt. The δ11B value of the initial hydrothermal fluids is also calculated to be about −13‰. Tourmalines from the skarn and sulfide ores in the Lamo deposit have higher Mg/(Mg+Fe) and lower Na/(Na+Ca) ratios and higher contents of Be, Ge, Sr, and Sn than magmatic tourmaline. These patterns likely reflect input of elements derived from the host Devonian limestone. The δ11B values of the hydrothermal fluids are estimated to be between −13 and −10‰, suggesting evolved magmatic-hydrothermal fluids related to the Longxianggai granite. Tourmalines from the stratiform and vein ores in the Changpo-Tongkeng deposit are extremely Mg-rich and mostly belong to the dravite series. They have high contents of Sc, V, Cr, Sr, and Sn and show positive Eu anomalies. The δ11B values of these B- and Sn-rich fluids are estimated to be between −15 and −10‰, suggesting that the fluids also have a magmatic-hydrothermal origin. These fluids are most likely derived from the same granitic magma source, but may have interacted with the Devonian volcanic rocks.

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Acknowledgements

This study is financially supported by the National Key R & D Plan projects (No. 2017YFC061404 and No. 2016YFC0600205), the National Natural Science Foundation of China projects (No. 41673043, No. 91755208), and the special fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (No. MSFGPMR03-2). The authors are very grateful to Editor-in-Chief Prof. Georges Beaudoin and Associate Editor Prof. Robert Linnen for the editorial handling and constructive comments of this paper. Dr. Matthieu Harlaux, Dr. Rongqing Zhang, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive reviews, which improved this paper significantly.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Collaborative, Innovation Center for Exploration of Strategic Mineral Resources, School of Earth, Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Kui-Dong Zhao, Ling-Huo Zhang, Shao-Yong Jiang, Cong Xu, He-Dong Zhao & Wei Chen

  2. National Oceanography Centre, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

    Martin R. Palmer

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Zhao, KD., Zhang, LH., Palmer, M.R. et al. Chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline at the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district in South China: Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Miner Deposita 56, 1589–1608 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-021-01045-4

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