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Remobilization of metasomatized mantle lithosphere: a new model for the Jiaodong gold province, eastern China

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Abstract

The ~ 120 Ma Jiaodong province in the North China Craton, composed of abundant Mesozoic granites that intrude Precambrian metamorphic basement, is bordered by the Sulu orogenic belt, which formed through the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons in the Triassic. Insights on the geodynamic setting and source of gold and fluids in the Jiaodong gold province are based on a detailed study of the Sanshandao deposit. The δ13CPDB and δ18O values of hydrothermal calcite from this deposit range from − 4.3 to − 6.5‰ and 11.4 to 15.1‰, respectively, which are compatible with a mantle source. Pre-ore mafic dykes in the deposit show typical arc-like geochemical features, suggesting that the mantle source was metasomatized prior to the basic magmatism. The δ34S values of gold-related pyrite from Sanshandao and other large deposits in the province range from 10.9 to 11.5‰ and are higher than those of the country rocks, but consistent with the signature of orogenic gold deposits sourced from a Neoproterozoic sedimentary reservoir. These high positive δ34S values are interpreted to be inherited from auriferous Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the northern Yangtze Craton, which were subducted into the mantle lithosphere beneath the North China Craton during the formation of eclogite in the adjacent Sulu orogenic belt in the Triassic. The syn-ore Lower Cretaceous mafic dykes display oceanic island basalt-like geochemical features, suggesting that asthenosphere upwelling triggered the release of gold and sulfur from an enriched and fertilized mantle lithosphere, contributing to the auriferous fluid which formed the widespread gold mineralization in the Jiaodong province at ca. 120 Ma.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. JMA Hronsky for valuable suggestions on mantle processes and to Prof. DI Groves for discussions on Jiaodong gold metallogeny and for his invitation to present this paper in the Thematic Issue. We appreciate the constructive comments from Editor-in-chief Bernd Lehmann and two reviewers.

Funding

This research was jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFC0600307), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41230311, 41172295 and 40872068), the National Science and Technology Support Program (2011BAB04B09), and the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (BP0719021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Jun Deng, Qingfei Wang, M Santosh, Xuefei Liu, Yayun Liang, Liqiang Yang, Rui Zhao & Lin Yang

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    M Santosh

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  1. Jun Deng
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  2. Qingfei Wang
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  3. M Santosh
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  7. Rui Zhao
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Correspondence to Jun Deng.

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Editorial handling: D. I. Groves

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Deng, J., Wang, Q., Santosh, M. et al. Remobilization of metasomatized mantle lithosphere: a new model for the Jiaodong gold province, eastern China. Miner Deposita 55, 257–274 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-019-00925-0

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