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Formation of albitite-hosted uranium within IOCG systems: the Southern Breccia, Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada

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Abstract

Uranium and polymetallic U mineralization hosted within brecciated albitites occurs one kilometer south of the magnetite-rich Au–Co–Bi–Cu NICO deposit in the southern Great Bear magmatic zone (GBMZ), Canada. Concentrations up to 1 wt% U are distributed throughout a 3 by 0.5 km albitization corridor defined as the Southern Breccia zone. Two distinct U mineralization events are observed. Primary uraninite precipitated with or without pyrite–chalcopyrite ± molybdenite within magnetite–ilmenite–biotite–K-feldspar-altered breccias during high-temperature potassic–iron alteration. Subsequently, pitchblende precipitated in earthy hematite–specular hematite–chlorite veins associated with a low-temperature iron–magnesium alteration. The uraninite-bearing mineralization postdates sodic (albite) and more localized high-temperature potassic–iron (biotite–magnetite ± K-feldspar) alteration yet predates potassic (K-feldspar), boron (tourmaline) and potassic–iron–magnesium (hematite ± K-feldspar ± chlorite) alteration. The Southern Breccia zone shares attributes of the Valhalla (Australia) and Lagoa Real (Brazil) albitite-hosted U deposits but contains greater iron oxide contents and lower contents of riebeckite and carbonates. Potassium, Ni, and Th are also enriched whereas Zr and Sr are depleted with respect to the aforementioned albitite-hosted U deposits. Field relationships, geochemical signatures and available U–Pb dates on pre-, syn- and post-mineralization intrusions place the development of the Southern Breccia and the NICO deposit as part of a single iron oxide alkali-altered (IOAA) system. In addition, this case example illustrates that albitite-hosted U deposits can form in albitization zones that predate base and precious metal ore zones in a single IOAA system and become traps for U and multiple metals once the tectonic regime favors fluid mixing and oxidation-reduction reactions.

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Notes

  1. In this study, the term “showing” is applied to mineral occurrences with metal concentrations above the NORMIN database guidelines established by the Northwest Territories Geoscience Office, Canada.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is a contribution of and was funded by the IOCG—Great Bear project of the Geomapping for Energy and Minerals program of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan contribution 20110238). It also contributes to the doctoral research of JFM, co-supervised by P.-S. Ross at INRS-ETE and undertaken with funding from this project and scholarships from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Nature et Technologies, INRS-ETE, DIVEX and Québec 2008. The project was conducted through formal and essential collaboration with the Northwest Territories Geoscience Office, the Community Government of Gamètì (Tlicho First Nations) and Fortune Minerals Limited and their logistical, societal and scientific support; we thank all project participants, in particular our field assistants, our graduate students and K. Neale whose vast knowledge of the NICO deposit significantly contributed to this research. Fieldwork took place under Aurora Research Institute Scientific Research licenses Wek’èezhìi Land and Water Board land use permits and Government of the Northwest Territories archaeological sites database agreements with support from the Polar Continental Shelf Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge Geological Survey of Canada reviewer I. McMartin, P.-S. Ross, two anonymous journal reviewers, P.F. Williams (Editor in chief) and G. Davidson (Associate editor) for their in depth reviews that considerably increased the quality and reach of this publication. S. Gandhi (emeritus), P. Hunt, K. Lauzière and E. Grunsky of the Geological Survey of Canada respectively provided access to field notes and samples, SEM expertise, database expertise and the R code to conduct the principal component analysis. A. De Koninck is thanked for acquisition of complementary SEM data at INRS-ETE. The authors also thank B. Long and L.-F. Daigle for the acquisition and treatment of the CT Scan images at INRS-ETE.

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Whole rock geochemical analysis of representative samples from the Southern Breccia and the NICO deposit (XLSX 803 kb)

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List of the samples of the Southern Breccia used in this study for which the complete chemical analysis is available in Corriveau et al. (2014) (XLSX 17 kb)

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Montreuil, JF., Corriveau, L. & Potter, E.G. Formation of albitite-hosted uranium within IOCG systems: the Southern Breccia, Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada. Miner Deposita 50, 293–325 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-014-0530-7

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