Abstract
Key message
This study demonstrated that pyramiding of early morning flowering and heat tolerance QTLs (qEMF3 and qHTSF4.1) in rice is an efficient approach to maintain high spikelet fertility under high-temperature stress at flowering stage.
Abstract
High temperature at flowering stage of rice causes low spikelet fertility and low yield. To cope with high-temperature stress brought by climate change, two strategies were proposed to develop heat-resilient rice varieties. One is to escape the high temperature by flowering early in the morning, another is to enhance tolerance to high-temperature stress per se. Two promising QTLs for early morning flowering (qEMF3) and heat tolerance (qHTSF4.1) were introgressed into IR64 background, and Near isogenic lines (NILs) IR64 + qEMF3 (IR64EMF3) and IR64 + qHTSF4.1 (IR64HT4) were developed in previous studies. In this study, a QTL pyramiding line IR64 + qHTSF4.1 + qEMF3 (IR64HT4EMF3) was developed by marker-assisted selection of the progenies of previous NILs. The NILs were subjected to different high-temperature regimes in the indoor growth chambers and different locations in the field. In the indoor growth chambers, when high temperature starts early (before 11:00 am), IR64HT4 and IR64HT4EMF3 had higher spikelet fertility than IR64EMF3; when high temperature comes later (after 11:00 am), IR64EMF3 and IR64HT4EMF3 had higher spikelet fertility than IR64HT4. The flowering pattern of the IR64HT4EMF3 was earlier than IR64HT4, but similar to IR64EMF3 in the glasshouse, field and indoor growth chambers. IR64HT4EMF3 showed higher spikelet fertility than IR64EMF3 and IR64HT4 in the field in the Philippines. Thus, combination of early morning flowering and heat tolerance QTLs is an elegant breeding strategy to cope with future extreme climate.
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Data availability
The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials. Raw data of this study are available from the corresponding author [C. Ye] on request.
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Funding
This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation project, Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA); the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) project, Safeguarding Asian Rice Production from a Rapidly Warming Climate; the Japanese government (MOFA and MAFF) under the IRRI-Japan Collaborative Research Project; and the Chinese national mutation breeding project of main crops, Technological Innovation and Variety Development of Rice Using Space Mutation Breeding (2016YFD0102102).
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CY, TI and ZS designed the experiments. CY, TI, LL and TMH conducted the experiments. CY, LL, YL and ZH analyzed the data. CY and TI wrote the paper. ST supervised the writing and editing.
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Communicated by Takuji Sasaki.
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Ye, C., Ishimaru, T., Lambio, L. et al. Marker-assisted pyramiding of QTLs for heat tolerance and escape upgrades heat resilience in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 135, 1345–1354 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04035-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04035-w