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Disparate genetic variants associated with distinct components of cowpea resistance to the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

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Abstract

Key message

Polygenic genome-wide association mapping identified two regions of the cowpea genome associated with different components of resistance to its major post-harvest pest, the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus.

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important grain and fodder crop in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America, where the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, is a serious post-harvest pest. Development of cultivars resistant to C. maculatus population growth in storage could increase grain yield and quality and reduce reliance on insecticides. Here, we use a MAGIC (multi-parent, advanced-generation intercross) population of cowpea consisting of 305 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to identify genetic variants associated with resistance to seed beetles. Because inferences regarding the genetic basis of resistance may depend on the source of the pest or the assay protocol, we used two divergent geographic populations of C. maculatus and two complementary assays to measure several aspects of resistance. Using polygenic genome-wide association mapping models, we found that the cowpea RILs harbor substantial additive-genetic variation for most resistance measures. Variation in several components of resistance, including larval development time and survival, was largely explained by one or several linked loci on chromosome 5. A second region on chromosome 8 explained increased seed resistance via the induction of early-exiting larvae. Neither of these regions contained genes previously associated with resistance to insects that infest grain legumes. We found some evidence of gene–gene interactions affecting resistance, but epistasis did not contribute substantially to resistance variation in this mapping population. The combination of mostly high heritabilities and a relatively consistent and simple genetic architecture increases the feasibility of breeding for enhanced resistance to C. maculatus.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Drs. T.J. Close, B.-L. Huynh, and P.A. Roberts at the University of California, Riverside, for valuable suggestions and for providing seeds of the MAGIC population. The support and resources from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah are gratefully acknowledged. C. Bovee, A. Hovinga, A. Israelsen, A. Springer and D. Weinerman provided technical assistance.

Funding

This work was funded by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (FJM, Paper Number 9429) and the National Science Foundation (ZG; DEB 1638768).

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  1. Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA

    Frank J. Messina, Alexandra M. Lish & Zachariah Gompert

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  1. Frank J. Messina
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  2. Alexandra M. Lish
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  3. Zachariah Gompert
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Contributions

FJM, AML and ZG designed the study, FJM and AML conducted the experiments, ZG analyzed the data, FJM and ZG wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zachariah Gompert.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Resistance data have been archived on Dryad (doi: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhjh).

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Perla and R scripts used for data analysis have been posted on GitHub (https://github.com/zgompert/CowpeaMapping.git).

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Communicated by Volker Hahn.

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Messina, F.J., Lish, A.M. & Gompert, Z. Disparate genetic variants associated with distinct components of cowpea resistance to the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Theor Appl Genet 134, 2749–2766 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03856-5

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