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Synthesis of a Brassica trigenomic allohexaploid (B. carinata × B. rapa) de novo and its stability in subsequent generations

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Abstract

Allopolyploidy plays an important role in plant evolution and confers obvious advantages on crop growth and breeding compared to low ploidy levels. The present investigation was aimed at synthesising the first known chromosomally stable hexaploid Brassica with the genome constitution AABBCC. More than 2,000 putative hexaploid plants were obtained through large-scale hybridisation from various combinations of crosses between different cultivars of Brassica carinata (BBCC) and B. rapa (AA). The majority of plants after two generations of selfing within selected hexaploid plants (H2) were aneuploid, and only 80 plants (4.6%) had the expected hexaploid chromosome number (2n = 54). The hexaploid ratio increased to an average of 23.0 and 26.3% in the H3 and H4 generations, respectively, and was accompanied by an increase in pollen fertility. The appearance of aneuploid plants in each generation could be detected having various chromosomal abnormalities at meiosis. The frequency of hexaploid plants varied significantly among different cultivar combinations, from 0 to 56% in the H4 generation, and it showed a positive correlation with pollen fertility. The frequency of SSR allelic fragments lost or novel alleles gained was significantly lower in H4 than in H2 and H3, which reflects increasing genome stability in H4. The A and C genomes were significantly less stable than the B genome, which may mainly result from frequent homoeologous pairing and rearrangements between the A and C genomes. Methods to establish a stable hexaploid Brassica crop by intercrossing these lines followed by intensive selection are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. Guijun Yan for critical reading of the manuscript. We appreciate to the reviewers for their critical comments, and to one of anonymous reviewers who edited the English across the whole manuscript. The study was supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project code: 30830073).

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  1. Yingfen Jiang

    Present address: Institute of Crop Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China

  2. Lunlin Chen

    Present address: Institute of Crop Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China

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  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan, 430070, Wuhan, China

    Entang Tian, Yingfen Jiang, Lunlin Chen, Jun Zou, Fei Liu & Jinling Meng

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Tian, E., Jiang, Y., Chen, L. et al. Synthesis of a Brassica trigenomic allohexaploid (B. carinata × B. rapa) de novo and its stability in subsequent generations. Theor Appl Genet 121, 1431–1440 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1399-1

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