Abstract
The study reported was aimed at the identification and determination of the chromosomal organisation of genes involved in the ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathways in Brassica oleracea, on the basis of the Arabidopsis thaliana DNA probes and in silico genome analysis. Because of its polyploidal origin, the B. oleracea genome is characterised by extensive gene redundancy. Therefore, an important aspect of gene expression in B. oleracea response to environmental stimuli is to identify the specific gene copy involved. This aspect should also be taken into consideration while studying the genetic basis of biosynthesis and signal transduction in relation to basic phytohormones. Our present work concerns the identification of homologue genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis such as SAM, ACS and ACO, as well as those involved in the ethylene signalling pathway, mainly ETR1, CTR1, MKK4, MKK5, EIN2, EIN3, EREBP, ERF5 and ERF7 on the basis of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR mapping. In the case of ACC synthases, (ACSs) the in silico analysis of gene variants in the genome of A. thaliana was followed by the identification of homologues to ACS2, ACS6 and ACS7 in the B. oleracea database. In total, 22 loci with sequence homology to the genes under analysis were included in the existing B. oleracea RFLP chromosomal map. Based on the stress responsiveness of most of the A. thaliana genes analysed in this study, we performed initial functional analysis of some gene homologues mapped. With the use of the RT-PCR approach the conservation of differential transcriptional induction of ACS homologues in the B. oleracea and A. thaliana was demonstrated during ozone stress.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arondel V, Lemieux B, Hwang I, Gibson S, Goodman HM, Somerville CR (1992) Map-based cloning of a gene controlling omega-3 fatty acid desaturation in Arabidopsis. Science 258:1353–1355
Arteca JM, Arteca RN (1999) A multi-responsive gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS6) in mature Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Mol Biol 39:209–219
Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J (2000) MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity. Nature 415:977–983
Babula D, Kaczmarek M, Barakat A, Delseny M, Quiros CF, Sadowski J (2003) Chromosomal mapping of Brassica oleracea based on ESTs from Arabidopsis thaliana: complexity of the comparative map. Mol Genet Genomics 268:656–665
Blanc G, Wolfe KH (2004) Functional divergence of duplicated genes formed by polyploidy during Arabidopsis evolution. Plant Cell 16:1679–1691
Blanc G, Hokamp K, Wolfe KH (2003) A recent polyploidy superimposed on older large-scale duplications in the Arabidopsis genome. Genome Res 13:137–144
Ecker JR (1995) The ethylene signal transduction pathway in plants. Science 268:667–675
Fray MJ, Puangsomlee P, Goodrich J, Coupland G, Evans EJ, Arthur AE, Lydiate DJ (1997) The genetics of stamenoid petal production in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and equivalent variation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Theor Appl Genet 94:731–736
Fulton TM, Van der Hoeven R, Eannetta NT, Tanksley SD (2002) Identification, analysis, and utilization of conserved ortholog set markers for comparative genomics in higher plants. Plant Cell 14:1457–1467
Gebhardt C, Walkemeier B, Henselewski H, Barakat A, Delseny M, Stuber K (2003) Comparative mapping between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana reveals structurally conserved domains and ancient duplications in the potato genome. Plant J 3:529–541
Gomez-Lim MA, Valdez-Lopez V, Cruz-Hernandez A, Saucedo-Arias LJ (1993) Isolation and characterization of gene involved in ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 134:217–221
Hu J, Sadowski J, Osborn TC, Landry BS, Quiros CF (1998) Linkage group alignment from four independent Brassica oleracea RFLP maps. Genome 241:226–235
Hua J, Meyerowitz EM (1998) Ethylene responses are negatively regulated by a receptor gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell 94:261–271
Jakubowicz M, Pacak A (2004) Relationships between ACC synthase isozymes calculated using phenetic data. The catalytical and evolutionary aspects. Acta Physiol Plant 26:5–27
Johnson PR, Ecker JR (1998) The ethylene gas signal transduction pathway: a molecular perspective. Annu Rev Genet 32:227–254
Kowalski SP, Lan TH, Feldmann KA, Paterson AH (1994) Comparative mapping of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea chromosomes reveals islands of conserved organization. Genetics 138:499–510
Lagercrantz U, Putterill J, Coupland G, Lydiate D (1996) Comparative mapping in Arabidopsis and Brassica, fine scale genome collinearity and congruence of genes controlling flowering time. Plant J 9:13–20
Lan TH, DelMonte TA, Reischmann KP, Hyman J, Kowalski SP, McFerson J, Kresovich S, Paterson AH (2000) An EST-enriched comparative map of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome Res 10:776–788
Lander ES, Green P, Abrahamson J, Barlow A, Daly MJ, Lincoln SE, Newberg L (1987) MAPMAKER: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics 1:174–181
Ludwików A, Gallois P, Sadowski J (2004) Ozone induced oxidative stress response in Arabidopsis: transcription profiling by microarray approach. Cell Mol Biol Lett 9:829–842
O’Neill CM, Bancroft I (2000) Comparative physical mapping of segments of the genome of Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra that are homoeologous to sequenced regions of chromosomes 4 and 5 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 23:233–243
Osborn TC, Kole C, Parkin IA, Sharpe AG, Kuiper M, Lydiate DJ, Trick M (1997) Comparison of flowering time genes in Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 146:1123–1129
Peleman J, Saito K, Cottyn B, Engler G, Seurinck J, Van Montagu M, Inze D (1989) Structure and expression analyses of the s-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 84:359–369
Pogson BJ, Downs CG, Davies KM, Morris SC (1995) Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase from Broccoli. Plant Physiol 108:857–858
Quiros CF, Grellet F, Sadowski J, Suzuki T, Li G, Wroblewski T (2001) Arabidopsis and Brassica comparative genomics: sequence, structure and gene content in the ABI-Rps2-Ck1 chromosomal segment and related regions. Genetics 157:1321–1330
Sadowski J, Gaubier P, Delseny M, Quiros CF (1996) Genetic and physical mapping in Brassica diploid species of a gene cluster defined in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Gen Genet 251:298–306
Sakai H, Hua J, Chen QG, Chang C, Medrano LJ, Bleecker AB, Meyerowitz EM (1998) ETR2 is an ETR1-like gene involved in ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:5812–5817
The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (AGI) (2000) Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408:796–815
Vicente JG, King GJ (2001) Characterisation of disease resistance gene-like sequences in Brassica oleracea L. Theor Appl Genet 102:555–563
Wang KL-C, Li H, Ecker JR (2002) Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks. Plant Cell (14):S131–S151
Wiersma PA, Schmiemann MG, Condie JA, Crosby WL, Moloney MM (1989) Isolation, expression and phylogenetic inheritance of an acetolactate synthase gene from Brassica napus. Mol Gen Genet 219:413–420
Yamagami T, Tsuchisaka A, Yamada K, Haddon WF, Harden LA, Theologis AJ (2003) Biochemical diversity among the 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isozymes encoded by the Arabidopsis gene family. Biol Chem 278:49102–49112
Ziolkowski PA, Sadowski J (2002) FISH-mapping of rDNAs and Arabidopsis BACs on pachytene complements of selected Brassicas. Genome 45:189–197
Acknowledgements
The financial support of the State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN), Poland, within the grants no. PBZ/KBN/029/P06/2000 and P06A 036 24 to J.S. is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by C. Möllers
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Babula, D., Misztal, L.H., Jakubowicz, M. et al. Genes involved in biosynthesis and signalisation of ethylene in Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana: identification and genome comparative mapping of specific gene homologues. Theor Appl Genet 112, 410–420 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0136-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0136-7