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Yoga bei psychischen Störungen

Yoga for mental disorders

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Nachfrage nach sicheren, wirksamen und kosteneffektiven komplementären Therapien für psychische Erkrankungen steigt. Yoga hat positive Effekte auf körperliche und psychische Gesundheit und präventives und therapeutisches Potenzial, psychische Störungen günstig zu beeinflussen.

Fragestellung

Diese Übersicht beschreibt die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit von Yogatherapie bei psychischen Störungen mit Fokus auf Depressionen, Angst, posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) und Schizophrenie.

Ergebnisse

Yoga ist eine vielversprechende komplementäre Therapie mit bester Evidenz bei unipolaren leichten Depressionen. Für andere und schwerere psychische Störungen ist die Evidenz weniger eindeutig. Bei Angststörungen und PTBS existieren weniger aussagekräftige Studien, die aber auf positive Wirkungen hindeuten.

Schlussfolgerung

Yoga kann als ergänzende Behandlungsoption bei psychischen Störungen in Betracht gezogen werden. Es kann störungsspezifische Symptome reduzieren und zur Verbesserung von Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität beitragen. Yoga ist nicht ohne Risiken, extreme Yogastile sollten vermieden werden. Für konkrete Behandlungsempfehlungen bei psychischen Störungen ist weitere Forschung notwendig.

Abstract

Background

The demand for complementary clinically efficacious, safe, patient acceptable, and cost-effective forms of treatment for mental illness is growing. Yoga has beneficial effects on somatic and mental health factors; therefore, yoga has preventive and therapeutic capabilities to improve mental dysfunction.

Objective

In this overview of the current literature, the evidence of the effects of yoga on selected major psychiatric disorders is summarized.

Results

The strongest evidence base for yoga exists in reducing depressive symptoms but its use in major depressive disorders is less clear. The evidence for the efficacy of yoga for anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is encouraging, but not definitive due to only a few randomized controlled trials and methodological problems.

Conclusion

There is preliminary evidence that meditation-based yoga interventions may be helpful for depression, anxiety and PTSD; however, there may also be the risk of engaging in extreme yoga practices. The value of integrating yoga into a treatment plan for patients with psychiatric disorders needs to be evaluated on an individual basis. Healthcare providers can motivate and help patients evaluate whether a given yoga class is helpful and safe for them. Methodological problems and the unclear risk-benefit ratio preclude definitive recommendations for yoga as an adjunct treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1–3, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland

    K. Meister & S. Becker

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Correspondence to K. Meister.

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K. Meister und S. Becker geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Meister, K., Becker, S. Yoga bei psychischen Störungen. Nervenarzt 89, 994–998 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0537-x

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