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Genuine motorische Phänomene bei schizophrenen Psychosen

Theoretischer Hintergrund und Kontextdefinition

Genuine motor phenomena in schizophrenic psychoses

Theoretical background and definition of context

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Zusammenfassung

Störungen der Motorik stellen neben Positiv- und Negativsymptomen einen zentralen Aspekt der schizophrenen Symptomatik dar. Rezente klinische Studien an ersterkrankten, antipsychotikanaiven Patienten mit Schizophrenie konnten eine hohe Prävalenz genuiner motorischer Auffälligkeiten (GMA) identifizieren. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit werden die vielfältigen motorischen Phänomene bei schizophrenen Psychosen aus historischer und klinischer Sicht beleuchtet. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung genuiner motorischer Phänomene bei schizophrenen Psychosen dargestellt. Nicht zuletzt hat diese Arbeit das Ziel, einen konzeptuellen Rahmen und ein Bezugssystem zu erarbeiten, welches motorische Phänomene genuin und morbogen auffasst. Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten und diskutierten Konzepte sollen zukünftige multimodale und transdiagnostische Untersuchungen anregen. Die Erforschung genuiner motorischer Phänomene wird in der Zukunft sowohl die psychiatrische Theoriebildung als auch moderne klinische Neurowissenschaften bereichern.

Abstract

Besides positive and negative symptoms, motor abnormalities have been increasingly recognized as central symptoms of schizophrenia. Recent investigations of antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia found significantly higher rates of genuine motor abnormalities (GMA) when compared to healthy individuals. The first part of this article introduces the historical and clinical background of GMA in schizophrenia. In the second part the relevance of scientific research and clinical implication of GMA in schizophrenia are discussed. Finally, this article aims at presenting a conceptual framework and a reference system involving both genuine and drug-induced motor abnormalities. The future clinical implications of GMA research are presented and multimodal and transdiagnostic studies are advocated. Future research on GMA will not only essentially enrich the formation of psychiatric theories but also promote progress in clinical neuroscience.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    D. Hirjak

  2. Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Kanada

    G. Northoff

  3. Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit, Gesundheitszentrum Odenwaldkreis, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 10–20, 64711, Erbach, Deutschland

    P. A. Thomann

  4. Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    P. A. Thomann, K. M. Kubera & R. C. Wolf

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  1. D. Hirjak
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  2. G. Northoff
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  3. P. A. Thomann
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  4. K. M. Kubera
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  5. R. C. Wolf
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Correspondence to D. Hirjak.

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Interessenkonflikt

D. Hirjak, G. Northoff, P.A. Thomann, K. M. Kubera und R.C. Wolf geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Hirjak, D., Northoff, G., Thomann, P.A. et al. Genuine motorische Phänomene bei schizophrenen Psychosen. Nervenarzt 89, 44–50 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-017-0375-2

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