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Adult stem cells and their trans-differentiation potential—perspectives and therapeutic applications

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Abstract

Stem cells are self-renewing multipotent progenitors with the broadest developmental potential in a given tissue at a given time. Normal stem cells in the adult organism are responsible for renewal and repair of aged or damaged tissue. Adult stem cells are present in virtually all tissues and during most stages of development. In this review, we introduce the reader to the basic information about the field. We describe selected stem cell isolation techniques and stem cell markers for various stem cell populations. These include makers for endothelial progenitor cells (CD146/MCAM/MUC18/S-endo-1, CD34, CD133/prominin, Tie-2, Flk1/KD/VEGFR2), hematopoietic stem cells (CD34, CD117/c-Kit, Sca1), mesenchymal stem cells (CD146/MCAM/MUC18/S-endo-1, STRO-1, Thy-1), neural stem cells (CD133/prominin, nestin, NCAM), mammary stem cells (CD24, CD29, Sca1), and intestinal stem cells (NCAM, CD34, Thy-1, CD117/c-Kit, Flt-3). Separate section provides a concise summary of recent clinical trials involving stem cells directed towards improvement of a damaged myocardium. In the last part of the review, we reflect on the field and on future developments.

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Abbreviations

AGM:

aorta–gonad–mesonephros

BCRP1:

breast cancer resistance protein1

BM:

bone marrow

CABG:

coronary artery bypass graft

CNS:

central nervous system

CSC:

cardiac stem cell

ESC:

embryonic stem cells

Flk1:

fetal liver kinase-1

G-CSF:

granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

GM-CSF:

granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor

HLA:

human leukocyte antigen

HSC:

hematopoietic stem cell

LVAD:

left ventricular assist device

LVEF:

left ventricular ejection fraction

MAPC:

multipotent adult progenitor cells

MRF:

myogenic regulatory factor

MSC:

mesenchymal stromal cell

NCAM:

neural cell adhesion molecule

NSC:

neuronal stem cells

NYHA:

New York Heart Association

PB:

peripheral blood

Sca1:

stem cell antigen 1

SP:

side population

UC:

umbilical cord

VEGFR2:

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

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Acknowledgments

The authors (SHK, ML) would like to thank the Manitoba Health Research Council (MHRC) for their generous support. We apologize to those authors whose research was not cited in this review due to the reference number limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Sabine Hombach-Klonisch & Anja Seifert

  2. Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Soumya Panigrahi

  3. Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0V9

    Soumya Panigrahi & Iran Rashedi

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Iran Rashedi

  5. Department of Neurobiology, International Center of Neurological Restoration, CIREN, Havana, Cuba

    Esteban Alberti

  6. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Paola Pocar

  7. Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Science, Poznan, Poland

    Maciej Kurpisz

  8. Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany

    Klaus Schulze-Osthoff

  9. Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Great-Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland

    Andrzej Mackiewicz

  10. BioApplications Enterprises, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Marek Los

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  1. Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
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  2. Soumya Panigrahi
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  8. Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
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  9. Andrzej Mackiewicz
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  10. Marek Los
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marek Los.

Additional information

Sabine Hombach-Klonisch, Soumya Panigrahi, and Iran Rashedi contributed equally to this review manuscript.

Klaus Schulze-Osthoff and Marek Los share senior authorship.

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Hombach-Klonisch, S., Panigrahi, S., Rashedi, I. et al. Adult stem cells and their trans-differentiation potential—perspectives and therapeutic applications. J Mol Med 86, 1301–1314 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-008-0383-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-008-0383-6

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