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Emerging role of dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection

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Abstract

Respiratory viral infections are a major health problem, especially in the immunocompromised, young, and elderly. In order for the host to effectively clear viral infections, a productive adaptive immune response must be developed. Crucial to the initiation of the adaptive response is the dendritic cell, which induces the proliferation and activation of T cells early in an antiviral response. This review examines the role of lung dendritic cells in the immune response to respiratory viruses. The phenotypic and functional differences between conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are discussed, as are the mechanisms behind homeostatic recruitment of these cells in the normal lung. Focusing on respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, the role of the two dendritic cell subsets during an antiviral response is explored. Through evolution, viruses have developed several mechanisms to interfere with the normal function of dendritic cells and prevent appropriate induction of an adaptive immune response, which are also discussed. Finally, we identify potential targets for future therapeutic strategies to ameliorate disease caused by respiratory virus infection.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) and the Alan A. and Edith L. Wolff Charitable Trust.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8122, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Mitchell H. Grayson

  2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Michael J. Holtzman

  3. Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Michael J. Holtzman

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  1. Mitchell H. Grayson
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Correspondence to Mitchell H. Grayson.

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Grayson, M.H., Holtzman, M.J. Emerging role of dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection. J Mol Med 85, 1057–1068 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-007-0212-3

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