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Multimodale Therapie des kolorektalen Karzinoms

Multimodality therapy of colorectal cancer

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Zusammenfassung

Die heutige Behandlung kolorektaler Karzinome erfordert die intensive Zusammenarbeit von Chirurgen, Strahlentherapeuten und Internisten und den stadienabhängigen Einsatz unterschiedlicher Verfahren. Nach R0-Resektion eines Kolonkarzinoms im Stadium III ist eine adjuvante Therapie ohne Altersbeschränkung indiziert. Dabei sollte eine 6-monatige Oxaliplatin-Fluoropyrimidin-Chemotherapie mit Beginn innerhalb von 6 Wochen postoperativ durchgeführt werden. Patienten über 70 Lebensjahren sollten eine Fluoropyrimidinmonotherapie erhalten. Diese Monotherapie kann auch bei fortgeschrittenen Kolonkarzinomen ohne regionäre Lymphknotenmetastasen (Stadium II) erwogen werden, wenn die Tumoren keine Mikrosatelliteninstabilität aufweisen. Eine oxaliplatinbasierte Chemotherapie sollte bei Stadium-II-Tumoren nur bei Hochrisikokonstellation durchgeführt werden. Rektumkarzinome im Stadium II und III sollten mit einer neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie gefolgt von einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie behandelt werden. Die Therapie mit VEGF- oder EGFR-Antikörpern hat weder in der adjuvanten Therapie des Kolonkarzinoms noch in der neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie des Rektumkarzinoms einen Stellenwert. Die Prognose bei primär resektablen Lebermetastasen wird durch Chemotherapien tendenziell verbessert, während irresektable Leberfiliae nach einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie oft potenziell kurativ reseziert werden können.

Abstract

Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage III colon cancer is indicated for all patients, including elderly patients >70 years. In general, adjuvant oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy should be started within 6 weeks after tumor resection and should be given for a period of 6 months. However, patients aged >70 should receive fluoropyrimidine mono-chemotherapy. This mono-therapy, but not an oxaliplatin-based combination, can also be considered for patients with standard risk stage II tumors without microsatellite instability. In stage II patients with a high risk constellation adjuvant oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine combination therapy should be considered. Patients with stage II and III rectal cancer require neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine followed by adjuvant fluoropyrimidine treatment. There is no role for the use of VEGF- or EGFR-antibodies in the adjuvant therapy of colon cancer or in neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer. The prognosis of patients with primary resectable colorectal liver metastases may be improved by adjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy, while neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy frequently facilitates potential curative resection of initially non-resectable liver metastases.

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Hacker, U., Hallek, M. & Kubicka, S. Multimodale Therapie des kolorektalen Karzinoms. Internist 51, 1366–1373 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-010-2671-9

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