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Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis“ – Langfassung

S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V.

Guideline for “rhinosinusitis”—long version

S2k guideline of the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians and the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

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An Erratum to this article was published on 07 June 2019

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Change history

  • 07 June 2019

    Erratum zu:

    HNO 2018 66:38–74

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-017-0401-5

    Die Autoren weisen auf folgendes hin.

    In der Langfassung der o. g. Leitlinie ist uns ein Fehler unterlaufen. Hier wurde „Carboxymethylcellulose“ irrtümlich statt „Carboxymethylcystein (Carbocystein)“ angegeben. Richtig muss es …

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Danksagung

Wir danken Herrn Dr. med. Helmut Sitter, Marburg, für die graphische Ausarbeitung bzw. Erstellung des Algorithmus.

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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to B. A. Stuck or U. Popert.

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Finanzierung und Interessenkonflikte

Die Leitlinie wurde ohne externe Finanzierung und ausschließlich mit den Finanzmitteln der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin sowie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie entwickelt. Alle Autoren und alle Teilnehmer der Konsensuskonferenz/des Delphi-Verfahrens haben ihre Interessenskonflikte offengelegt, dabei waren auch alle Beziehungen zu Einrichtungen der pharmazeutischen Industrie und zu Medizinprodukteherstellern anzugeben. Die Angaben wurden durch die beiden Verantwortlichen der Leitlinie (Popert, Stuck) bewertet, die darüber hinaus gegenseitig ihre Interessenskonflikte bewerteten. Potentiell relevante Interessenskonflikte der Autoren wurden für die Bereiche Phytotherapie (Beule, Jobst), Therapie mit topischen Steroiden (Beule, Klimek, Stuck, Jobst), Biologicals (Bachert) und bei der medikamentösen bzw. antiallergische Therapie (Klimek) festgestellt.

Die genannten Autoren waren an der Erstellung der betreffenden Kapitel beteiligt, enthielten sich bei den betreffenden Abstimmungen im Rahmen des nominalen Gruppenprozesses bzw. des Delphi-Verfahrens jedoch der Stimme. Darüber hinausgehende Interessenskonflikte, die die fachliche Unabhängigkeit der Autoren im Hinblick auf die Erstellung der Leitlinie beeinträchtigen könnten, wurden nicht festgestellt.

Additional information

Moderator der Konsensuskonferenz: C. Muche-Borowski, AWMF

Anhang

Anhang

Termine und Teilnehmer der nominalen Gruppenprozesse und des Delphi-Verfahrens

Nachdem die beiden verantwortlichen Autoren (Popert/Stuck) durch die beiden Fachgesellschaften (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM) bzw. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO)) mit der Erstellung der Leitlinie im Herbst 2014 beauftragt wurden, erfolgte die Kontaktaufnahme mit den betreffenden Organisationen und Fachgesellschaften sowie im Dezember 2014 die Anmeldung der Leitlinie bei der AWMF. Angefragt und zur Mitarbeit aufgefordert wurden die folgenden Organisationen und Fachgesellschaften:

  • Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (ÄDA)

  • Deutscher Berufsverband der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenärzte e. V. (BV-HNO)

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM)

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM)

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (DGKJ)

  • Deutscher Hausärzteverband

  • Deutsche Patientenliga Atemwegserkrankungen

  • Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (DRG)

Der ÄDA sowie die DRG erklärten sich zur Mitarbeit bereit und entsandten Autoren zur Erstellung der Leitlinie und zur Teilnahme am nominalen Gruppenprozess. Der BV-HNO, die DGAKI, die DGHM, die DGKJ sowie die Deutsche Patientenliga Atemwegserkrankungen erklärten sich ebenfalls zur Mitarbeit bereit. Die DGIM sowie der Deutsche Hausärzteverband waren nicht zu einer Teilnahme am Leitlinienprozess bereit. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mund-Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie (DGMKG) wurde im Laufe des Verfahren in die Leitliniengruppe mit aufgenommen und ebenfalls zur Konsensuskonferenz eingeladen. Folgende Personen wurden von den Fachgesellschaften zur Mitarbeit an der Leitlinie autorisiert und waren an der Erstellung der Leitlinie beteiligt:

  • Claus Bachert, Gent (DGAKI)

  • Achim Beule, Münster (DGHNO)

  • Gerald Gronke, Blankenfelde (BV-HNO)

  • Detmar Jobst, Bonn (DEGAM)

  • Ludger Klimek, Wiesbaden (ÄDA)

  • Michael Köhler (Deutsche Patientenliga Atemwegserkrankungen)

  • Michael Krimmel, Tübingen (DGMKG)

  • Martin Laudien, Kiel (DGHNO)

  • Michael Lell, Nürnberg (DRG)

  • Hans Pistner, Erfurt (DGMKG)

  • Andreas Podblieski, Rostock (DGHM)

  • Uwe Popert, Kassel (DEGAM)

  • Markus Rose, Frankfurt am Main (DGKJ)

  • Boris A. Stuck, Marburg (DGHNO)

  • Thomas Vogl, Frankfurt am Main (DRG)

  • Wilfried Wagner, Mainz (DGMKG)

Nach vorbereitenden Telefonkonferenzen fand unter der Leitung der beiden Leitlinienverantwortlichen am 17.04.2015 ein erstes Leitlinientreffen unter der Moderation der AWMF in Essen statt. Teilnehmer hierbei waren die folgenden Personen: A. Beule, D. Jobst, M. Laudien, M. Lell, U. Popert, B.A. Stuck und J. Vogl sowie für die AWMF Fr. I. Kopp und Fr. C. Muche-Borowski. Während dieses Treffens wurden die formalen Rahmenbedingungen der Leitlinie definiert und die klinischen Fragestellungen, die im Rahmen der Leitlinienentwicklung als relevant erachtet wurden und die der formalen Gliederung dieser Leitlinie entsprechen, gesammelt und abgestimmt. Im Anschluss daran wurden die als relevant erachteten verfügbaren Leitlinien der DGHNO, der DEGAM, der DGMKG sowie der American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology und das European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps von jeweils zwei Vertretern der Autorengruppe systematisch nach diesen Fragestellungen ausgewertet, um Übereinstimmungen und Widersprüche dieser Leitlinien bzw. Positionspapiere in Hinblick auf die genannten Fragestellungen zu erfassen. Im Anschluss daran wurden die Kapitel der Leitlinie definiert und jeweils den Autoren zugeordnet.

Nach der erfolgten Erstellung der Kapitel erfolgte am 06.04.2016 ein Treffen der Autorengruppe in Essen. Teilgenommen hatten hierbei die folgenden Personen: A. Beule, M. Laudien, U. Popert, D. Jobst, M. Lell und B.A. Stuck. Während dieses Treffens wurden offene Fragen zu den Kapiteln geklärt bzw. notwendige Überarbeitungen identifiziert und an die Autoren zurückgegeben. Auf dieser Basis wurde dann im Mai 2016 eine erste Tischvorlage als Grundlage für den nominalen Gruppenprozess erstellt.

Der nominale Gruppenprozess fand 20.07.2016 unter der Leitung von Fr. Dr. C. Muche-Borowski (AWMF) statt. Während des Prozesses erfolgte zunächst die Präsentation der zu konsentierenden Aussagen/Empfehlungen. Anschließend gab es die Möglichkeit zur Reflexion und stillen Notiz (Welcher/m Empfehlung/Empfehlungsgrad stimmen Sie nicht zu? Ergänzung, Alternative?). Im Anschluss an eine darauffolgende Diskussion der einzelnen Punkte folgte die endgültige Abstimmung über jede Empfehlung und alle Alternativen. Diese Schritte wurden für jede Empfehlung wiederholt. Eingeladen wurden die benannten Vertreter der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften und Organisationen. Diese erhielten am 28.05.2016 eine Tischvorlage der Leitlinie mit der Bitte um schriftliche Stellungnahme bis zum 01.07.2016. Schriftlich Stellungnahmen gingen von folgenden Personen bzw. Fachgesellschaften ein: Andreas Podbielski (DGHM), Markus Rose (DGKJ), Claus Bachert (DGAKI), Gerald Gronke (Berufsverband der HNO-Ärzte) und Michael Krimmel (DGMKG). Die eigegangenen Stellungnahmen wurden in die Tischvorlage eingearbeitet und auf der Basis dieser aktualisierten Tischvorlage wurde die Leitlinie entsprechend der formalen Vorgaben für nominale Gruppenprozesse diskutiert und in strittigen Fragen per Abstimmung ein Konsens erzielt. Im Rahmen der Abstimmung genügte die einfache Mehrheit. Teilnehmer des nominalen Gruppenprozesses waren die folgenden Personen: Achim Beule (DGHNO), Gerald Gronke (BV-HNO), Detmar Jobst (DEGAM), Ludger Klimek (ÄDA), Michael Krimmel (DGMKG), Martin Laudien (DGHNO), Uwe Popert (DEGAM), Markus Rose (DGKJ), Boris A. Stuck (DGHNO) und Thomas Vogl (DRG). Abstimmungsberechtigt waren die genannten Personen mit Ausnahme des Vertreters der DGKJ, der lediglich in beratender Funktion an der Konferenz teilnahm. Darüber hinaus wurden den drei Vertretern der DGHNO lediglich zwei Stimmen zugesprochen, um beiden herausgebenden Fachgesellschaften die gleiche Anzahl an Stimmen zuzuschreiben.

Die im Rahmen des nominalen Gruppenprozesses überarbeitete Fassung wurde dann in einem ersten Delphi-Verfahren abschließend konsertiert. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine mehrstufige Befragungsmethode, welche unter Experten verschiedener Fachbereiche schriftlich durchgeführt wird. Durch einen entstehenden Rückkopplungsprozess durch die Information der Teilnehmer über die Gruppenantwort wird versucht, den Gruppenmitgliedern die Möglichkeit einer Überprüfung bzw. eines Vergleichs ihrer Aussagen zu geben. Hierbei wurden zunächst die Kommentare und Ergänzungen schriftlich eingeholt und strukturiert aufbereitet. Anschließend erfolgte die Diskussion der eingereichten Änderungsvorschläge im E‑mail-Umlaufverfahren. Nach der Zusammenfassung der Beiträge und Rückmeldung an die Gruppe erfolgte die Abstimmung über die einzelnen Änderungsvorschläge. Am Delphi-Verfahren nahmen die Autoren der Leitlinie und die Teilnehmer der Konsensuskonferenz teil, eine entsprechende Textvorlage der Leitlinie ging allen Beteiligten am 18.08.2016 zu. Die erste Runde des Delphi-Prozess wurde am 04.09.2016 abgeschlossen. Bis zum Konsens war eine Delphi-Runde erforderlich, alle Änderungsvorschläge wurden hierbei einstimmig angenommen. Für die Leitlinie wurde abschließend eine Kurzfassung erstellt, die zwischen den Autoren abgestimmt wurde.

Die finale Version der Leitlinie wurde daraufhin am 30.09.2016 an die Präsidien der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften verschickt. Die DGHNO, der BV-HNO, die DGAKI, die DRG, die DGHM und die DGKJ hatten keine weiteren Anmerkungen oder Änderungswünsche. Die vorgebrachten Änderungswünsche der DGMKG, der DEGAM und des ÄDA wurden in einem zweiten Delphi-Verfahren erneut konsertiert. Am Delphi-Verfahren nahmen erneut die Autoren der Leitlinie und die Teilnehmer der Konsensuskonferenz teil. Für diese zweite Runde des Delphi-Prozesses waren 2 Delphi-Runden erforderlich. Die Mehrzahl der Änderungsvorschläge wurde hierbei in der ersten Runde einstimmig angenommen, für die verbliebenen Änderungsvorschläge wurde eine formale Abstimmung vorgenommen und nach einfacher Mehrheit über die vorgeschlagenen Formulierungsalternativen entschieden.

Gültigkeitsdauer und Aktualisierung

Diese Leitlinie ist gültig bis 5 Jahre nach Veröffentlichung, spätestens zu diesem Zeitpunkt erfolgt eine inhaltliche Überprüfung und ggf. eine Aktualisierung. Werden dem Leitlinienkoordinator zwischenzeitlich Erkenntnisse bekannt, die eine Überarbeitung der Leitlinie erfordern, so erfolgt die Aktualisierung bereits früher.

Verabschiedung der Leitlinie

Die vorliegende Fassung der Leitlinie wurde von den Präsidien der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften beraten und am 07. April 2017 freigegeben.

Appendix

Zusätzlich zur in Kap. 3 dargestellten allgemeinen Literaturrecherche erfolgte eine spezifischere Literatursuche in den einzelnen Kapiteln, in denen Kapitel-spezifische zusätzliche Suchbegriffe verwendet wurden. Diese sind im Folgenden aufgeführt.

  • Anamnese: history, symptoms

  • Klinische Untersuchungsverfahren: endoscopy

  • Bildgebende Verfahren: imaging, CT, MRI, ultrasound, radiography

  • Laborchemische Verfahren: diagnost*, biomarker*, cystische Fibrose, Mukoviszidose, Immundefekt, Sarkoidose, Biofilm, ziliäre Dyskinesie, Morbus Samter; Samter’s disease; Morbus Widal; Widal’s disease; Aspirine-Trias, ASS-Desaktivierungsbehandlung; Biofilm, Immundefekt, Wegener’sche Granulomatose; Labordiagnostik

  • Mikrobiologische Verfahren: microbiology

  • Allergologische Untersuchung: allergische Rhinitis; Allergie; Inhalationsallergie

  • Nicht-medikamentöse Therapieverfahren: hydrotherapy, inhalation, massage, nebulization, neural therapy, cam, complementary medicine, alternative medicine, aerosol, autologous blood, warm, cold, ciliary motion, acupuncture, acupressure, chinese medicine, traditional chinese medicine, acupuncture, moist inhalation, warm inhalation, warm vapor, damp

  • Phytotherapeutika: herb*, cam, complementary medicine, alternative medicine, capsaicin, Echinacea, pelargonium, Artemisia, gentian, myrtol, cineole, orange oil, citric acid, menthol, aerosol, bromelaine, probiotic, secretion, sinonasal symptoms, chinese medicine, traditional chinese medicine, antropos*, ayurveda, homeop*

  • Medikamentöse Therapieverfahren: steroid, decongestive, decongestion, oxymetazoline, alpha, alfa, mucolytic, leukotriene, montelukast

  • Adaptive Desaktivierung bei der chronischen Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi: Morbus Samter; Samter’s disease; Morbus Widal; Widal’s disease; Aspirine-Trias, ASS-Desaktivierungsbehandlung; ASA-desactivation, Aspirine-desactivation

  • Antibiotische Therapie: treatment

  • Chirurgische Therapie: sinus surgery

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Stuck, B.A., Beule, A., Jobst, D. et al. Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis“ – Langfassung. HNO 66, 38–74 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-017-0401-5

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