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Increased skin and mucosal toxicity in the combination of vemurafenib with radiation therapy

Erhöhte Haut- und Schleimhauttoxizität bei Kombination von Vemurafenib plus Strahlentherapie

  • Case study
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Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Palliative radiotherapy is often required for patients with metastatic malignant melanoma in the case of bone or brain metastases. Since BRAF inhibitor therapy is highly efficient in V600-mutated melanomas, there is hesitation to stop it during radiotherapy. Consequently, radiotherapy under simultaneous vemurafenib treatment is frequently needed.

Case report

We report the case of a patient receiving palliative radiotherapy of spinal bone metastases before and during vemurafenib therapy. The skin reactions were quantitatively scored using computer-assisted digital image evaluation.

Results

Radiotherapy without vemurafenib was tolerated very well, whereas radiotherapy under simultaneous vemurafenib treatment resulted in accentuated skin reactions. Furthermore, the patient developed dysphagia and had to be hospitalized for parenteral nutrition. In the quantitative analysis, there was a twofold increase in pigmentation and erythema of the irradiated skin area of the thoracic spine when vemurafenib was combined with radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy treatment alone. This is the first reported case of a patient showing no complications during radiotherapy without vemurafenib but remarkable skin and mucosal toxicity under concurrent vemurafenib therapy. Thus, a genetically conditioned individually elevated radiosensitivity can definitely be excluded. Compared with other reported cases, radiosensitization was not limited to the skin, but also affected the esophageal mucosa.

Conclusion

Vemurafenib is a strong radiosensitizer. Patients receiving radiotherapy under simultaneous vemurafenib treatment should be monitored very closely.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Bei Patienten mit metastasiertem Melanom ist die palliative Bestrahlung von Knochen- oder Hirnmetastasen häufig erforderlich. Da eine Therapie mit BRAF-Inhibitoren bei Patienten mit V600-mutierten Melanomen hoch effektiv ist, sollte man sie während einer Strahlentherapie nicht unterbrechen. Daher ist eine Strahlentherapie unter laufender Behandlung mit Vemurafenib häufig erforderlich.

Methoden

Hier wird der Fall eines Patienten dargestellt, der palliative Bestrahlungen von Wirbelkörpermetastasen vor und während einer Behandlung mit Vemurafenib erhalten hat. Bei diesem Fallbericht wurde die Stärke der Hautreaktionen mit computerassistierter digitaler Bildanalyse quantitativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnis

Die Strahlentherapie ohne Vemurafenib wurde gut vertragen, wogegen es bei der Bestrahlung unter simultaner Vemurafenib-Therapie zu verstärkten Hautreaktionen kam. Darüber hinaus entwickelte der Patient eine Mukositis mit ausgeprägten Schluckbeschwerden, so dass er zur parenteralen Ernährung stationär aufgenommen werden musste. Verglichen zur alleinigen Bestrahlung waren Pigmentierung und Rötung in der quantitativen Auswertung bei der Kombination von Bestrahlung mit Vemurafenib auf das Doppelte erhöht. Dies ist der erste berichtete Fall eines Patienten, bei dem ohne Vemurafenib eine Strahlentherapie komplikationslos durchführbar war und in Kombination mit Vemurafenib Haut- und Schleimhauttoxizität auftraten. Daher kann eine genetisch bedingte individuell erhöhte Strahlenempfindlichkeit definitiv ausgeschlossen werden. Verglichen mit anderen berichteten Fällenbetraf die erhöhte Strahlenempfindlichkeit nicht nur die Haut, sondern auch die Schleimhaut des Ösophagus.

Schlussfolgerung

Vemurafenib wirkt stark strahlensensibilisierend. Patienten, die unter simultaner Behandlung mit Vemurafenib bestrahlt werden, sollten engmaschig überwacht werden.

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Conflict of interest

R. Merten, M. Hecht, M. Haderlein, L. Disteli, R. Fietkaul, L. Heinzerling, and S. Semrau declare no conflict of interest.

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Correspondence to Ricarda Merten.

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Merten, R., Hecht, M., Haderlein, M. et al. Increased skin and mucosal toxicity in the combination of vemurafenib with radiation therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 190, 1169–1172 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-014-0698-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-014-0698-x

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