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Diabetesnotfälle

Diabetes emergencies

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Zusammenfassung

Diabetesbedingte Notfälle sind häufig. Sie können sowohl hyperglykämische Zustände [diabetische Ketoacidose (DKA) und hyperosmolares hyperglykämisches Syndrom (HHS)] als auch Hypoglykämien (hypoglykämisches Koma) oder nicht mit pathologischen Blutglucosewerten einhergehende Stoffwechselentgleisungen (z. B. Laktatacidose) betreffen. Die Kenntnis der entsprechenden Risikokonstellationen, Leitsymptome und Befunde sowie Früherkennung, Notfallmaßnahmen, intensivmedizinische Besonderheiten und Präventionsmaßnahmen bei den genannten Diabetesnotfällen müssen nicht nur dem intensivmedizinisch-tätigen Arzt, sondern auch dem ambulant-tätigen Diabetologen, Internisten und Hausarzt geläufig sein. Dies wird in diesem Beitrag in didaktisch klar aufbereiteter Form vermittelt.

Abstract

Diabetes-associated emergencies are frequent and include hyperglycemic states, such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) as well as hypoglycemia (hypoglycemic coma) and metabolic disturbances that are unrelated to pathological blood glucose aberrations (lactic acidosis). Knowledge of the respective risk situations, key signs and symptoms as well as early detection, special aspects of intensive care treatment and procedures for the prevention of these diabetes emergency cases is a must not only for the duty doctor in intensive care but also for diabetologists, internists and family doctors in the outpatient situation. The basic facts on these issues are presented in this continuing medical education (CME) article in a didactically clear form.

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Abbreviations

DKA:

diabetische Ketoacidose

HHS:

hyperosmolares hyperglykämisches Syndrom

HONK:

hyperosmolares nichtketotisches Koma

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. W.A. Scherbaum und C.R. Scherbaum geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    W.A. Scherbaum & C.R. Scherbaum

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  1. W.A. Scherbaum
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  2. C.R. Scherbaum
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Correspondence to W.A. Scherbaum.

Additional information

Dieser Beitrag erschien ursprünglich in der Zeitschrift Der Diabetologe 2014, 10:147–162. DOI 10.1007/s114280131189x. Die Teilnahme an der zertifizierten Fortbildung ist nur einmal möglich.

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Scherbaum, W., Scherbaum, C. Diabetesnotfälle. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 109, 279–294 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0334-z

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