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Point-of-care-Testung in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin

Point-of-care testing in preclinical emergency medicine

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Messung biologischer Signale direkt am Patienten (Point-of-care-Testung, POCT) gehört in der Notfallmedizin seit langem zum Standard. Sie wird vom Anwender nachgefragt, wenn Ergebnisse schnell und planbar vorliegen müssen bzw. eine Einsendung der Probe einen unverhältnismäßig hohen Aufwand erfordert.

Fragestellung

Neben der als Schnelltest etablierten β-HCG-Bestimmung im Urin, sowie der Messung von Laktat, Blutgasen, kardialem Troponin, Hämoglobin und Hämatokrit sind Copeptin, fettsäurebindendes Protein („fatty acid-binding protein“,-FABP), Prokalzitonin, Gerinnungswerte, natriuretische Peptide, D-Dimer und toxikologische Substanzen für zukünftige POCT besonders interessant. Der Artikel erörtert den sinnvollen Einsatz von Point-of-care-Messverfahren in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin.

Ergebnis

Der Einsatz von POCT ist von verschiedenen Faktoren, wie dem strukturellen Umfeld, der Verfügbarkeit eines geeigneten Instruments sowie der entsprechenden Referenzverfahren im Zentrallabor, abhängig. Darüber hinaus spielen ökonomische Fragen und Qualitätsaspekte eine Rolle.

Schlussfolgerung

POCT entwickelt sich aktuell insbesondere in den Rettungsstellen für zahlreiche Marker zum Standardverfahren, da Krankenhauslabore zunehmend fusionieren und für Notfallanalytik immer weniger Ressourcen zur Verfügung stehen. In Ländern mit hoher Krankenhausdichte sollte die präklinische POCT jedoch auf das notwendige Mindestmaß beschränkt werden.

Abstract

Background

Measurement of biological signals directly at the patient (point-of-care testing, POCT) is an established standard in emergency medicine when test results are needed quickly and within a reliable time frame or if external testing requires a disproportionate effort.

Objectives

Currently, the rapid test for β-HCG in urine and POCT measurement of lactate, blood gases, cardiac tropinin, haemoglobin, and hematocrit are well established in emergency medicine. POCT of copeptin, fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP), procalcitonin, coagulation values, natriuretic peptides, D-dimer, and toxicological substances are of future interest. In this article, the appropriate use of point-of-care testing in prehospital emergency medicine is discussed.

Results

Application of POCT is dependent of the underlying conditions, the availability of appropriate devices, and of suitable reference methods in a central laboratory. In addition, economical and quality aspects play an important role.

Conclusion

In emergency departments, POCT is currently developing into a standard measuring method for a number of markers because hospital laboratories are increasingly being merged and consequently reduce their emergency-analytic services. In countries with a high density of hospitals, however, preclinical POCT should be reduced to the minimum necessary.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Möckel und J. Searle geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Möckel, M., Searle, J. Point-of-care-Testung in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 109, 100–103 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0299-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0299-y

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