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MAP kinase signalling: interplays between plant PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity

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Abstract

In plants, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in regulating many biological processes including immunity. They relay signals from membrane-residing immune receptors to downstream components for defense activation. Arabidopsis MPK3/6 and MPK4 are activated in two parallel MAPK cascades during PAMP-triggered immunity. MPK3/6 have been implicated in the activation of various immune responses and their inactivation leads to compromised defense against pathogens. On the other hand, the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade plays critical roles in basal resistance. Disruption of this MAPK cascade results in constitutive defense responses mediated by the NB-LRR protein SUMM2. Interestingly, SUMM2 guards the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade activity indirectly through monitoring the phosphorylation status of CRCK3, which is a substrate of MPK4. From the pathogens’ side, a number of effectors are shown to target various components of MAPK cascades in plants. Inactivation of MPK4 by the Pseudomonas effector HopAI1 triggers SUMM2-mediated immunity. Together, these findings suggest intricate interplays between PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity via MAPK signaling.

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Abbreviations

FLS2:

FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2

EFR:

Elongation factor (EF)-TU receptor

BAK1:

BRI1-associated receptor kinase1

RLCKs:

Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases

MEKK:

MAPK/ERK kinase kinase

MKK:

MAP kinase kinase

MPK:

MAP kinase

CRCK3:

Calmodulin-binding receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 3

SUMM2:

Suppressor of mkk1 mkk2 2

MKS1:

MAP kinase substrate 1

WRKY33:

WRKY DNA-binding protein 33

ACS:

1-Amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank financial supports from CFI and NSERC-Discovery program.

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  1. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar, Xin Li & Yuelin Zhang

  2. Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar & Xin Li

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Correspondence to Yuelin Zhang.

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Thulasi Devendrakumar, K., Li, X. & Zhang, Y. MAP kinase signalling: interplays between plant PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 2981–2989 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2839-3

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