Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carbon dioxide enrichment of greenhouse atmospheres for food crop production

  • Published:
Economic Botany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literature Cited

  1. Anonymous. 1960. The safety limits of hazardous chemicals. Safety Maintenance Magazine, pp. 37-39. (December).

  2. -. 1962. Dutch now treat 4,000 acres of lettuce with CO2, The Grower, Dec. 8, pp. 904–906.

  3. Bacher, T. O. 1928. The Effect of Ammonia in the Air on the Growth of the Plant. Cornell University, M.S. Thesis. 36 pp.

  4. Blackman, F. F. 1905. Optima and limiting factors. Ann. Bot.19: 281–295.

    Google Scholar 

  5. — and G. L. C. Matthaei. 1905. Experimental researches in vegetable assimilation and respiration. IV. A quantitative study of carbon dioxide assimilation and leaf temperature in natural illumination. Roy. Soc. London Proc. (B)76: 402–460.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Böhning, R. H. and C. A. Burnside. 1956. The effect of light intensity on rate of apparent photosynthesis in leaves of sun and shade plants. Amer. Jour. Bot.43: 557–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bolas, B. D. and F. Y. Henderson. 1928. The effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on the growth of plants. Ann. Bot.62: 509–523.

    Google Scholar 

  8. — and R. Melville. 1935. The effect on the tomato plant of carbon dioxide produced by combustion. Ann. Appl. Biol.22: 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bonde, E. K. 1952. The influence of carbon dioxide concentration upon the rate of photosynthesis inSinapsis alba. Physiol. Plantarum5: 298–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Briejer, C. J. 1959. Een verlaten goudmijn: koolzuurbemesting. Meded. Dir. Tuinb.22: 670–674.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brown, H. T. and F. Escombe. 1902. The influence of varying amounts of carbon dioxide in the air on the photosynthetic process of leaves and on the mode of growth of plants. Proc. Royal Soc.70: 397–413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Carr, D. J. 1961. Chemical influences of the environment. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol. XVI, pp. 737–794. W. Ruhland, ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cesnokov, V. A. 1955. The effect of CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and yield. (Russian). Trud. Inst. Fiziol. Rast. Timiryazeva10: 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chapman, H. W. and W. E. Loomis. 1953. Photosynthesis in the potato under field conditions. Plant Physiol.28: 703–716.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. —, L. S. Gleason and W. E. Loomis. 1954. The carbon dioxide content of field air. Plant Physiol.29: 500–503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cummings, M. B. and C. H. Jones. 1918. The aerial fertilization of plants with carbon dioxide. Vermont Sta. Bul. 211.

  17. Curtis, O. F. and D. G. Clark. 1950. An Introduction to Plant Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y. pp. 29–39, 218-219.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Daunicht, H. J. 1960. Untersuchungen zur Wirkung des Kohlendioxyd-Angebots auf den Ertag von Treibgemüsen unter besonderer Berückischtigungen der Hydrokulture. Dissertation aus dem Institut für Gemüsebau der Technischen Universitat Berlin. 56 pp.

  19. — 1963. Versuche zur Wirkung der CO2 Konzentration auf die Stoffproduction. Proc. 16th Internat’l Hort. Congr.2: 408–412.

    Google Scholar 

  20. — 1963. Ergibnisse über die CO2— Versorgung bei Hydrokultur. Proc. 16th Internat’l Hort. Congr.2: 413–417.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Demoussy, E. 1902-1904. Sur la vegetation dans des atmospheres riches en acide carbonique. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris136: 325–328;138: 291-293;139: 883-885.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dunn, S. and F. W. Went. 1959. Influence of fluorescent light quality on growth and photosynthesis of tomato. Lloydia22: 302–324.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fischer, H. 1921. Kritisches zur Kohlensüuredüngung. Angewandte Botanik.3: 129–144.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Fizzell, J. A. 1962. Carbon dioxide in the greenhouse atmosphere. Illinois State Florist Assoc. Bul.225: 5–6.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fuller, H. J. 1948. Carbon dioxide concentrations of the atmosphere above Illinois forest and grassland. The American Midland Naturalist39: 247–249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gaastra, P. 1959. Phytosynthesis of crop plants as influenced by light, carbon dioxide temperature, and stomatal diffusion resistance. Meded. Landbou. Wageningen59: 1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  27. — 1962. Photosynthesis of leaves and field crops. Netherlands Jour. Agric. Sci.10: 311–324.

    Google Scholar 

  28. — 1963. Climatie control of photosynthesis and respiration.In: Environmental Control of Plant Growth. L. T. Evans (ed.). pp. 113–140. Academic Press, N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gabrielsen, E. K. 1948. Threshold value of carbon dioxide concentration in photosynthesis of foliage leaves. Nature161: 138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. — 1949. Photosynthesis in leaves at very low carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature163: 359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gardner, R. 1963. Response differs with variety. The Grower.59: 813–814.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Goldsberry, K. L. and W. D. Holley. 1960. Carbon dioxide in the greenhouse atmosphere. Colorado Flower Growers Assoc., Inc. Bul. 119.

  33. -. 1961. Effects of carbon dioxide on carnation growth. Colorado Flower Growers Assoc., Inc. Bul. 138.

  34. - and W. D. Holley. 1962. Carbon dioxide research. Roses Inc., Bul., Nov. pp. 15-18.

  35. Groenewegen, J. H. and R. T. C. Naaldwijk. 1963. CO2 bij tomaten. De Tuinderij. April 2, pp. 395-398.

  36. Harder, R. 1921. Kritische Versuche zu Blackmans Theorie der “begrenzenden Faktoren” bei der Kohlensäureassimilation. Jahrib. wiss, Bot.60: 531–571.

    Google Scholar 

  37. — et al. 1931. Beobachtungen über das Pflanzenwachstum und die Kohlensäureassimilation bei Kohlensäuredüngung und nächtlicher Zusatzbeleuchtung. Gartenbauwissenschaft5: 389–428.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Heinicke, A. J. and M. B. Hoffman. 1933. The rate of photosynthesis of apple leaves under natural conditions. Part I. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 577, 32 pp.

  39. Hesketh, J. D. and D. N. Moss. 1963. Variation in response of photosynthesis to light. Crop Science3: 107–110.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Hoover, W. H., E. S. Johnson and F. S. Brackett. 1933. Carbon dioxide assimilation in a higher plant. Smithsonian Misc. Publ.87 (16): 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hopen, H. J. and S. K. Ries. 1962. The mutually compensating effect of carbon dioxide concentrations and light intensities on the growth ofCucumis sativas L. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.81: 358–364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. — and S. K. Ries. 1962. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over mineral and muck soils. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.81: 365–367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Inone, E. 1963. The environment of plant surfaces.In: Environmental Control of Plant Growth. L. T. Evans (ed.). pp. 23–32. Academic Press, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Johansson, E. 1934. Kolsyrehalt i växthusluft. Medd. Alnarp Tradg. Försöksverks35: 13–20.

    Google Scholar 

  45. — 1934. Kolsyrebestämnigar i drivbäkar vid Alnarp 1933. Medd. Alnarp Trädg. Försöksverks35: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kilbinger, A. 1953. Untersuchungen über Bodenburtige Kohlensäure mit dem “Mikrogas” analyangerät Wösthoff. Schriftenreihe der Kohlenstoffbiologischen Forschungs-station E.V. Essen-Bredeney. pp. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  47. — 1955. Kohlensäure-ein Lebensstoff. Landbau-Verlag, München. 52 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Krasinskij, N. P. 1955. The cultivation of plants in artificial light under glass, and the increase in the effectiveness of illumination by CO2 assimilation. (Rustian). Trud. Inst. Fiziol. Rast. Timiryaseva10: 64–72.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kreusler, U. 1885. Uber eine Methode zur Beobachtung der Assimilation und Atmung der Pflanzen und uber einige dieser Vorgänge und beeinflussenden Momente. Landw. Jahrb.14: 913–965.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kuiper, P. J. C. 1961. The effects of environmental factors on the transpiration of leaves, with special reference to stomatal light response. Meded. Landbou. Wageningen61: 1–49.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lake, J. V. 1963. Carbon dioxide is a basic need of plants. The Grower59 (14). April 6, pp. 687–688.

    Google Scholar 

  52. — 1963. Try CO2 for the summer crop. The Grower59 (15). April 13, pp. 765–766.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lawrence, W. J. C. 1955. Control of Glasshouse Climate. In: Proc. 14th Internat’l Hort. Congr. Vol. I: 573–580. Veenman and Zonen, Wageningen, Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Leontovitch, C. 1956. La fumure des plantes au moyen de l’acide carbonique. Landbouwkundig Tijdschrift voor Belgisch Congo47: 1633–1637.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Loomis, W. E. 1960. Historical introduction. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol. V: 85–114. W. Ruhland (ed.). Springer- Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Los, G. J. 1962. Temperatuur en koolzuurgas in kassen. Meded, Dir. Tuinb.25: 171–175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. -. 1963. The carbon dioxide content of greenhouse air. Proc. 16th Internat’l Hort. Congr. 4: (In Press).

  58. Lundegardh, H. 1924. Der Kreislauf der Kohlensäure in der Natur. G. Fischer- Verlag, Jena. 308 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Mann, M. and M. Schanderl. 1934. Studien uber Kohlensäuredüngung in Gewächshäusern. Gartenbauwissenschaft8: 497–514.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mauri, N. and G. Mauri. 1939. Essais d’utilisation pratique du CO2 en horticulture. Rev. Hort. Agric. Afr. N.,43: 193–205.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Meyer, B. S., D. B. Anderson and R. H. Bohning. 1960. Introduction to Plant Physiology, pp. 214–215. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Miller, E. C. 1938. Plant Physiology, pp. 585–587. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Molliard, M. 1938. La fumure carbonique. Comptes Rendus Acad. Agric. France24: 400–404.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Mortimer, D. C. 1959. Some short term effects of increased carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthetic assimilation in leaves. Canad. Jour. Bot.37: 1191–1201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Moschini, E. 1960. Richerehe sulla concimazione carbonica del pomodoro coltivato in serra. Riv. Ortoflorofruttic, ital.,44: 436–458.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Moss, D. N. 1962. The limiting carbon dioxide concentration for photosynthesis. Nature193: 587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. — and S. L. Rawlins. 1963. Concentration of carbon dioxide inside leaves. Nature197: 1320–1321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. —, R. B. Musgrave and E. R. Lemon. 1961. Photosynthesis under field conditions. III. Some effects of light, carbon dioxide, temperature and soil moisture on photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration of corn. Crop Sci.1: 83–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Musgrave, R. B. 1963. Carbon dioxide in crop environments. Agron. Jour.55: 31.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Norman, A. G. 1962. The uniqueness of plants. Amer. Sci.50: 436–449.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Ozerov, G. V. 1936. Influence of carbon dioxide on plant growth. (Russian, Eng. Sum.). Soviet Subtropics4 (20): 47–51.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Plass, G. N. 1959. Carbon dioxide and climate. Scientific American201: 41–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Pritchard, G. G., W. J. Griffin and C. P. Whittingham. 1962. The effect of carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and isonicotinyl hydrazide on the photosynthetie production of glycolic acid by chlorella. Jour. Exp. Bot.13: 176–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Protasova, N. N. 1952. Raising seedlings in the greenhouse under varying light conditions. (Russian). Sad i Ogorod12: 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Protasova, A. F. and A. N. Moryganov. 1953. A trial on the electrical heating of frames. (Russian). Sad i Ogorod9: 35- 39.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Rabinowitch, E. I. 1951. Photosynthesis and Related Processes. Vol. II. Part 1. pp. 886–963. Interscience Publ., Inc., N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Rabinowitch, E. I. 1956. Photosynthesis and Related Processes. Vol. II. Part 2, pp. 1886–1901. Interscience Publ., Inc., N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Reid, M. E. 1930. Growth and nitrogen metabolism of squash seedlings. III. With respect to high and low carbohydrate synthesis. Amer. Jour. Bot.17: 579–601.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Reinau, E. 1927. Praktische Kohlensäuredüngung in Gärtnerei und Landwirtschaft. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 203 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  80. — 1955. Düngung mit dem Nährgas Kohlensäure? Der Deutsche Gartenbau6: 158–159.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Riedel, F. 1919. Die Ausnützung der Hochofenabgase zur Kohlensäuredüngung. Stahl. u. Eiscn39: 1497–1506.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Rogalev, I. E. 1953. The use of carbon dioxide as a fertilizer in greenhouses. (Russian). Sad i Ogorod10: 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Seidel, E. 1955. Anleitung zur CO2 begasung von Gewächshauskulturen. Der Deutsche Gartenbau6: 160–161.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Small, T. and H. L. White. 1930. Carbon dioxide in relation to greenhouse crops. IV. The effect on tomatoes of an enriched atmosphere maintained by means of a stove. Ann. Appl. Biol.17: 81–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Smirnov, N. A. 1954. Fertilization of vegetables with carbon dioxide in glasshouses and frames. (Russian). Priroda43: 100–102.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Sparkes, E. D. 1962. Is carbon dioxide here to stay? The Grower57: 671–672.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Stålfelt, M. G. 1960. Das Kohlendioxyd. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. V, Part 2. The Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide, pp. 81–98. H. Ruhland (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Stender, J. A. 1951. Koolzuurdosering in diffusiedichte kas. Jaarversl. Inst. Tuinb. Tech. Wageningen, pp. 25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Sudia, T. W., A. J. Linck and R. D. Durbin. 1960. The uptake of C14O2 by soybean roots. Minnesota Acad. Sci. Proc.28: 2–23.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Tagmaz’ian, I. A. 1958. The effect of a complex of nutritional factors on the growth, development, and productivity of tomatoes in greenhouses. Fiziol. Rast.5: 458–472. Plant Physiol. (Eng. Trans. Fiziol. East. 5: 477-481.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Tamm, E. und G. Krzysch. 1958. Beobachtungen des Wachstumsfaktors CO2 in der Vegetationszone. Zeitschrift für Ackerund Pflanzenbau107: 275–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. — und G. Krzysch. 1960. Zum Verlauf des CO2-Gehaltes der Luft im Bereich landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzenbestände. II. Beitrag. Zeitschrift für Ackerund Pflanzenbau112: 253–278.

    Google Scholar 

  93. — und G. Krzysch. 1960. Zum Verlauf des CO2-Gehaltes der Luft im Bereich landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzenbestände. III. Beitrag. Zeitschrift für Acker-und Pflanzenbau112: 377–398.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Teubner, F. G., S. H. Wittwer, R. S. Lindstrom, and H. Archer. 1963. Design and calibration of a portable spectroradiometer for the visible range (400-700mu). Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.82: 619–630.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Thimann, K. V. Research on plant physiology in the tropics. In: The Association for Tropical Biology, Bul. No. 1, Proc. of the Neotropical Botany Conf., Imperial College of Tropical Agri., Trinidad, July 2-6, 1962. pp. 86-89.

  96. Thomas, M. D. and G. R. Hill. 1949. Photosysnthesis under field conditions.Photosynthesis in Plants, Plant Physiol. Monograph: 19–52. J. Frank and W. E. Loomis (eds.). Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa.

  97. Tolbert, N. E. 1958. Secretion of glycolic acid by chloroplasts. In: Photochemical Apparatus, Its Structure and Function, pp. 271-275. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology No. 11.

  98. van Berkel, N. 1962. CO2 on lettuce. Mimeograph. Profestation voor de groentenen Fruitteelt onder glas to Naaldwijk (Holland).

  99. van Helmont, J. B. 1648. Ortus Medicinae. pp. 108-109. Amsterdam, Holland.

  100. Verduin, J. 1952. Limiting factors. Science115: 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. — 1954. Carbon dioxide compensation point in photosynthesis. Science120: 75–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. — and W. E. Loomis. 1944. Absorption of carbon dioxide by maize. Plant Physiol.19: 278–293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Voight, G. K. 1962. The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Soil. In: Tree Growth, T. T. Kozlowski (ed.). Ronald Press Co., N.Y. pp. 205–220.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Waggoner, P. E., D. M. Mosa and J. D. Hesketh. 1963. Radiation in the plant environment and photosynthesis. Agron. Jour.55: 36–38.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Wassink, E. C. 1959. Efficiency of light energy conversion in plant growth. Plant Physiol.34: 356–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Went, F. W. 1957. The Experimental Control of Plant Growth, pp. 99. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  107. White, H. L. 1930. Carbon dioxide in relation to glasshouse crops. V. An analysis of the response of the tomato crop to an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide. Ann. Appl. Biol.17: (4): 755–766.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Wilson, P. W. and C. E. Georgi. 1933. Methods for controlling the environment of greenhouse plants. Bot. Gaz.94: 346–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Wittwer, S. H. 1949. Effect of fruit setting treatment, variety, and solar radiation on yield and fruit size of greenhouse tomatoes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.53: 349–354.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. -. 1960. Practices for increasing the yields of grenhouse tomatoes. Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. Bul. 228.

  111. - and W. Robb. 1962. Amerikkaanse CO2-ervaringen, de Tuinderij. No. 13 (June 26) pp. 604-605.

  112. - and W. Robb. 1963. CO2 does increase yield and quality. Amer. Veg. Grower pp. 9-11 (November, 1963).

  113. Zelitch, I. and P. E. Waggoner. 1962. Effect of chemical control of stomata on transpiration and photosynthesis. Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci.48: 1101–1108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

    W. M. Robb

Authors
  1. S. H. Wittwer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. M. Robb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Journal Article No.3251 from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wittwer, S.H., Robb, W.M. Carbon dioxide enrichment of greenhouse atmospheres for food crop production. Econ Bot 18, 34–56 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904000

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904000

Keywords

Search

Navigation