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Anterior tibial artery and its actual projection on the lateral aspect of the tibia: a cadaveric study

L'artère tibiale antérieure, sa projection réelle sur la face latérale du tibia : étude cadavérique

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Summary

The anterior tibial artery (ATA) is at risk of injury during high tibial osteotomy, Ilizarov wire placement, pin placement in external fixation, or proximal locking screw insertion, as the artery is not visualized intraoperatively. The ATA is anchored to the oval foramen of the interosseous membrane on the proximal tibia by the deep fascia and recurrent genicular vascular branches. Segment 1 (from the bifurcation of the popliteal artery to the level of the interosseous foramen) and the proximal part of segment 2 (from the interosseous foramen to the level where the artery crosses the anterior border of the tibia) may be damaged when pin, wire or screw placement is directed posterolaterally at that level. Distally, a straight mediolateral pin or Ilizarov wires may lacerate the artery. Segment 2 of the ATA descends against the interosseous membrane in its proximal part, which is projected on the posterior third of the tibia relative to the sagittal plane; in its middle part, it runs close to the lateral cortex of the tibia, it is projected on the middle third of the tibia; in its distal part it runs gradually towards the anterior third of the tibia and contacts with the anterior third of the tibial cortical surface. This information may help reduce risk of injury to the ATA during high tibial osteotomy, external fixation and pin placement or insertion of locking screws.

Résumé

L'a. tibiale antérieure (ATA) est vulnérable au cours des ostéotomies tibiales proximales, la mise en place des broches d'Ilizarov, des fiches de fixateur externe, ou des vis de verrouillage proximal, car elle n'est pas visualisée au cours du geste chirurgical. L'ATA est amarrée à la partie proximale du tibia au niveau du foramen interosseux par le fascia profond et les rameaux des vaisseaux récurrents tibiaux antérieurs. Son segment I (de la bifurcation de l'a. poplitée au foramen interosseux) et la partie proximale de son segment II (du foramen interosseux à l'endroit où l'artère croise le bord antérieur du tibia) peuvent être lésés lorsque la broche, la fiche ou la vis est insérée en direction postéro-latérale. Distalement, une broche rigide, médio-latérale, ou les broches d'Ilizarov peuvent blesser l'artère. Le segment II de l'ATA descend au contact de la membrane interosseuse dans sa partie proximale, qui se projette sur le tiers postérieur du tibia dans le plan sagittal. Dans sa partie moyenne, elle est au contact de la corticale latérale du tibia et se projette sur son tiers moyen ; dans sa partie distale elle se déplace progressivement en avant et est au contact du tiers antérieur de la surface de la corticale tibiale. Ces données peuvent aider à réduire le risque de lésion de l'ATA au cours des ostéotomies tibiales proximales, de la mise en place d'un fixateur externe, de broches ou du verrouillage des clous de tibia.

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Ebraheim, N.A., Lu, J., Hao, Y. et al. Anterior tibial artery and its actual projection on the lateral aspect of the tibia: a cadaveric study. Surg Radiol Anat 20, 259–262 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01628486

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01628486

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