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Elevated Thalamic Response to High-Sugar Milkshake in Ethnic and Racial Minorities

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Abstract

In the USA, Hispanics and African-Americans show elevated obesity, yet little is known about possible ethnic/racial differences in brain response during intake of palatable foods. To examine potential differences between non-Hispanic white (nHW) and racial/ethnic minority individuals, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain response to intake of eucaloric milkshakes that were either high-sugar or high-fat and a calorie-free, tasteless control solution. Our sample included healthy-weight adolescents who identified as African-American and/or Hispanic (minority, n = 27) and non-Hispanic white (nHW, n = 106). Minority participants showed elevated response in the pre-/postcentral gyrus, precuneus, and left thalamus in response to the high-sugar milkshake compared to high-fat milkshake. To confirm these effects were not driven by differences in body mass or a function of unequal cell sizes, we performed the same analyses in minority participants and a randomly selected subsample of nHW participants (n = 27) that were matched on BMI percentile. Similar to the full sample, we observed an elevated ventral posterior thalamic response to high-sugar milkshake in minority participants. This effect held after controlling for self-reported sugar and fat intake. These results suggest that African-American and Hispanic groups may have elevated response to specifically high-sugar foods in regions of the brain associated with sensory processing, providing novel information regarding the possible neural underpinnings of the disproportional risk for obesity seen in African-American and Hispanic populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Jennifer R. Gilbert & Kyle S. Burger

  2. Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA

    Eric Stice

  3. Biomedical Imaging Research Center, UNC School of Medicine, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Kyle S. Burger

Authors
  1. Jennifer R. Gilbert
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  2. Eric Stice
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  3. Kyle S. Burger
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Correspondence to Kyle S. Burger.

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This study was funded by NIH grant DK092468. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Gilbert, J.R., Stice, E. & Burger, K.S. Elevated Thalamic Response to High-Sugar Milkshake in Ethnic and Racial Minorities. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 5, 580–587 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0403-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0403-8

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