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Molecular analysis of the gut microbiome of diabetic rats supplemented with prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic foods

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Abstract

Beneficial symbionts residing in our gut have positive therapeutic effects on several metabolic disorders including diabetes. Oral administration of probiotic and prebiotic foods strengthens the beneficial symbiont populations in the gut and may prevent immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The present study was designed to elucidate the gut microbiome of diabetic rats supplemented with a Lactobacillus probiotic and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) cell wall prebiotic. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats with allaxon monohydrate (150 mg/kg). The rats were fed chow maintenance diet (control and diabetic control groups) or the same diet supplemented with a SC prebiotic (1 %), probiotic (multispecies Lactobacillus @108 CFU), or synbiotic. On d30, DNA was extracted from colon digesta for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Serum was obtained to estimate total oxidant and anti-oxidant concentrations. A distinct clustering pattern (Unifrac distances, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) P = 0.0361) was observed for the different treatment groups, with the main distinction consisting of the separation between the control and the diabetic control groups. Distinct bacterial clades dominated different treatment groups, particularly for the control and the diabetic control groups, though several bacterial groups overlapped, demonstrating a core microbiota dominated mainly by Firmicutes and Bacteroides. A trend of dysbiosis, characterized by low species richness, was observed in the diabetic rats, albeit not statistically significant. Serum oxidant and anti-oxidant concentrations were not different (P > 0.05) among different treatment groups. No significant effects of supplementations of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic were observed on species richness or clustering pattern of the microbiome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad U. Sohail, Haseeb Anwar, Ghulam Hussain, Arsalan Shaukat & Muhammad Irfan ullah

  2. Quality Control Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Z. Shabbir

  3. Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA

    Jörg M. Steiner & Jan S. Suchodolski

  4. Veterinary College, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad & Zahid Kamran

Authors
  1. Muhammad U. Sohail
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  2. Muhammad Z. Shabbir
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  3. Jörg M. Steiner
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  4. Shakeel Ahmad
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  5. Zahid Kamran
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  6. Haseeb Anwar
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  7. Ghulam Hussain
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  9. Muhammad Irfan ullah
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haseeb Anwar.

Ethics declarations

The present study was partially sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science under AAAS–CSTSP International Activity for BMENA Scientific Exchange Program. MU Sohail visited Texas A&M University under AAAS-BMENA Scientific Exchange Program. Other than this, authors declare no conflict of interest.

All procedures and protocols were adopted under the guidelines of the Animal Care and Ethics Committee, Offices of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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Table S1

Differences in bacterial taxa on various phylogenetic levels among different treatment groups. (DOCX 32 kb)

Figure S1

Serum glucose concentrations (mg/dL) on d 30 of the study. (TIFF 71 kb)

Figure S2

Serum total oxidant (μm of H2O2 equivalent/L) concentrations and total anti-oxidant (mM Eq. of vitamin C/L) concentrations. (TIF 40 kb)

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Sohail, M.U., Shabbir, M.Z., Steiner, J.M. et al. Molecular analysis of the gut microbiome of diabetic rats supplemented with prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic foods. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 37, 419–425 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-016-0502-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-016-0502-9

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