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Mitigating effect of fermented Korean red ginseng extract with yeast and probiotics in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced skin allergic inflammation

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Abstract

Backgrounds

Atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently affects both infants and adults, impacting on the quality of life of the individual and imposing a significant psychosocial burden. The efficacy against AD-like skin lesions of the fermented form of Korea red ginseng (FRG), that contains ginsenoside metabolites, has not been investigated.

Methods

FRG was prepared after fermentation of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract in the presence of yeast and probiotics. The effects of FRG on skin allergic inflammation were then investigated by examining the frequency of scratching, and assessing the levels of representative allergic markers in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-challenged Balb/c mice. After two weeks of DNCB challenge, vehicle, dexamethasone (positive control), and FRG (10 and 50 μg/mL) were applied topically on skin lesions for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, scratching behavior, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) levels were measured. The status of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were determined by immunoblot analysis in DNCB-treated primary splenocytes.

Results

Topical administration of FRG significantly suppressed scratching behavior, serum IgE, and IL-4 levels (P<0.05, n=5/group). In addition, FRG treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in DNCB-exposed splenocytes (P<0.05, n=6/group). Moreover, FRG suppressed DNCB-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and activation of NF-κB.

Conclusion

FRG could ameliorate skin allergic inflammation via suppression of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Therefore, FRG may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of atopic-like dermatitis.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea

    Se Chan Kang, Manorma Negi, Seon-A Jang & Jeong-Eun Kwon

  2. Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea

    Sung Ryul Lee

  3. Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea

    Mediana Hadiwidjaja

  4. Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea

    Hyun Jung Koo

  5. College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25949, Republic of Korea

    Hyejung Hong, Jung Dae Lim, Seung Namkoong & Eun-Hwa Sohn

  6. School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea

    Kyungho Kim

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  1. Se Chan Kang
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Correspondence to Eun-Hwa Sohn.

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Kang, S.C., Lee, S.R., Hadiwidjaja, M. et al. Mitigating effect of fermented Korean red ginseng extract with yeast and probiotics in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced skin allergic inflammation. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. 15, 111–121 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-019-0014-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-019-0014-z

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