Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New Ichthyophis species from Indochina (Gymnophiona, Ichthyophiidae): 1. The unstriped forms with descriptions of three new species and the redescriptions of I. acuminatus Taylor, 1960, I. youngorum Taylor, 1960 and I. laosensis Taylor, 1969

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Organisms Diversity & Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Caecilians of the genus Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 are among the most poorly known amphibian taxa within Southeast Asia. Populations of Ichthyophis from the Indochina region (comprising Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) have been assigned to five taxa: Ichthyophis acuminatus, Ichthyophis bannanicus, Ichthyophis kohtaoensis, Ichthyophis laosensis, and Ichthyophis nguyenorum. Barcoding of recently collected specimens indicates that Indochinese congeners form a clade that includes several morphologically and genetically distinct but yet undescribed species. Although body coloration is supported by the molecular analyses as a diagnostic character at species level, unstriped forms are paraphyletic with respect to striped Ichthyophis. Based on our morphological and molecular analyses, three distinct unstriped ichthyophiid species, Ichthyophis cardamomensis sp. nov. from western Cambodia, Ichthyophis catlocensis sp. nov. from southern Vietnam, and Ichthyophis chaloensis sp. nov. from central Vietnam are described as new herein, almost doubling the number of Ichthyophis species known from the Indochinese region. All three new species differ from their unstriped congeners in a combination of morphological and molecular traits. In addition, redescriptions of three unstriped Ichthyophis species (Ichthyophis acuminatus, I. laosensis, I. youngorum) from Indochina and adjacent Thailand are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angel, F. (1929). Liste des Reptiles et Batraciens du Haut-Laos recueillis par M. Delacour. Descriptions d’un genre, de deux espèces et d’une variété d’Ophidiens. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 2(1), 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Annandale, N. (1909). Miscellanea Batrachia Notes on Indian Batrachia. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 282–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bain, R. H., & Hurley, M. M. (2011). A biogeographic syntheses of the amphibians and reptiles of Indochina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 360, 1–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleeker, P. (1858). Bestuursvergadering. gehouden ten huize van den heer Dr Bruijn Kops den 11n Maart 1858. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 16, 183–192.

  • Breckenridge, W. R., & Jayasinghe, S. (1979). Observations on the eggs and larvae of Ichthyophis glutinosus. Ceylon J Sci, 13, 187–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourret, R. (1939). Notes herpétologiques sur l’Indochine francaise. XIX. La faune herpétologique des stations d’ altitude du Tonkin. Bullétin Général de l’Instruction Publique, Hanoi, 4, 41–47.

  • Bourret, R. (1942). Les Batraciens de l’Indochine. Hanoi: Institute Océanographique de l’Indochine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, K. O., Belabut, D., & Ahmad, N. (2010). A revised checklist of the amphibians of peninsular Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17, 202–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan-ard, T. (2003). A photographic guide to the amphibians in Thailand. Darnsutha Press Co. Ltd.

  • Chan-ard, T., Cota, M., & Mekchai, S. (2011). The amphibians of the Eastern Region, with a checklist of Thailand. Pathum Thani: National Science Museum, Ministry of Science and Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A., & Schulz, K. D. (1999). Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. An illustrated checklist: Bushmaster Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Che, J., Chen, H. M., Yang, J. X., Jin, J. Q., Jiang, K., Yuan, Z. Y., Murphy, R. W., & Zhang, Y. P. (2012). Universal COI primers for DNA barcoding amphibians. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12(2), 247–258.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dünker, N., Wake, M. H., & Olson, W. M. (2000). Embryonic and larval development in the Caecilian Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): a staging table. Journal of Morphology, 243, 3–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein, J. (1985a). Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 17, 368–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein, J. (1985b). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39(4), 783–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, D. R. (2014). Amphibian species of the world: An Online Reference, version 5.56. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. h

  • Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sá, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P. E., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M., & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gower, D. J., Kupfer, A., Oommen, O. V., Himstedt, W., Nussbaum, R. A., Loader, S. P., Presswell, B., Krishna, S. B., Müller, H., Boistel, R. & Wilkinson, M. (2002). A molecular phylogeny of ichthyophiid caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae): out of India or out of South East Asia? Proceedings of Biological Sciences/The Royal Society, 269, 1563–1569

  • Gower, D. J., Papadopoulou, A., Doherty-Bone, T. M., Pupin, F., San Mauro, D., Loader, S. P., & Wilkinson, M. (2011a). The systematics of Boulengerula fischeri (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 2767, 14–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gower, D. J., San Mauro, D., Giri, V., Bhatta, G., Govindappa, V., Kotharambath, R., Oommen, O. V., Fatih, F. A., Mackenzie-Dodds, J. A., Nussbaum, R. A., Biju, S. D., Shouche, Y. S., & Wilkinson, M. (2011b). Molecular systematics of caeciliid caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) of the Western Ghats, India. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 698–707.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grismer, L. L., & Aun, P. K. (2008). Diversity, endemism, and conservation of the amphibians and reptiles of Southern Peninsular Malaysia and its offshore islands. Herpetol Rev, 39, 270–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Günther, A. (1864). The Reptiles of British India. London

  • Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acids Symp Ser, 41, 95–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hebert, P. D. N., & Gregory, T. R. (2005). The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Systematical Biol, 54, 852–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hebert, P. D. N., Penton, E. & Burns, J. (2004a). Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 14812–14817.

  • Hebert, P. D. N., Ratnasingham, S. & deWaard, J. R. (2003). Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of Biological Sciences/The Royal Society, 270, 96–99.

  • Hebert, P. D. N., Stoeckle, M. Y., Zemlak, T. S., & Francis, C. M. (2004b). Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS Biology, 2, 1657–1663.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, S. B., Nussbaum, R. A., & Maxson, L. R. (1993). Caecilian phylogeny and biogeography inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Herpetological Monographs, 7, 64–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillis, D. M., Moritz, C. & Mable, B. K. (1996). Molecular systematics. Sinauer Association

  • Himstedt, W. (1995). Structure and function of the eyes in the Caecilian Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (Amphibia, Gymnophiona). Zool-Anal Com Sys, 99, 81–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Himstedt, W. (1996). Die Blindwuehlen. Magdeburg: Westarp.

  • Huelsenbeck, J. P., & Hillis, D. M. (1993). Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case. Systematical Biol, 42, 247–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova, N. V., deWaard, J., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2006). An inexpensive, automation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, 998–1002.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IUCN. (2012). IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK

  • Jerndal, R., & Rigg, J. (1998). Making space in Laos: constructing a national identity in a ‘forgotten’ country. Political Geo, 17, 809–831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jobb, G., von Haeseler, A., & Strimmer, K. (2004). TREEFINDER: a powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4, 18.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamei, R. G., Wilkinson, M., Gower, D. J., & Biju, S. D. (2009). Three new species of striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from the northeast Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland. Zootaxa, 2267, 26–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kupfer, A. & Müller, H. (2004). On the taxonomy of ichthyophiid caecilians from southern Thailand: a reevaluation of the holotype of Ichthyophis supachaii Taylor 1960 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae). Amphibia–Reptilia, 25, 87–97.

  • Kupfer, A., Nabhitabhata, J., & Himstedt, W. (2005). Life history of amphibians in the seasonal tropics: habitat, community and population ecology of a caecilian (genus Ichthyophis). Journal of Zoology, 266, 237–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manthey, U., & Grossmann, W. (1997). Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Münster: Natur- und Tier Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew, R., & Sen, N. (2009). Studies on caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) of North East India with description of three new species of Ichthyophis from Garo Hills. Meghalaya and additional information on Ichthyophis garoensis Pillai & Ravichandran. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Occasional Papers. Occasional Papers, 309, 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsui, M., Hamidy, A., Murphy, R. W., Khonsue, W., Yambun, P., Shimada, T., Ahmad, N., Belabut, D. M., & Jiang, J. P. (2010a). Phylogenetic relationships of megophryid frogs of the genus Leptobrachium (Amphibia, Anura). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 259–272.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui, M., Tominaga, A., Liu, W., Khonsue, W., Grismer, L. L., Diesmos, A. C., Das, I., Sudin, A., Yambun, P., Yong, H., Sukumaran, J., & Brown, R. M. (2010b). Phylogenetic relationships of Ansonia from Southeast Asia inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: systematic and biogeographic implications (Anura; Bufonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54, 561–570.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morice, A. (1875). Coup d‘oeil sur la faune de la Cochinechine francaise. Batraciens. Lyon: H. Georg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, R. W., Crawford, A. J., Bauer, A. M., Che, J., Donnellan, S. C., Fritz, U., Haddad, C. F. B., Nagy, Z. T., Poyarkov, N. A., Vences, M., Wang, W.-Z., & Zhang, Y.-P. (2012). Cold Code: the global initiative to DNA barcode amphibians and nonavian reptiles. Molecular Ecology Resources. doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12050.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabhitabhata, J., Chan-ard, T., & Chuaynkern, Y. (2000). Checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of Environmental Policy and Planning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neang, T., & Holden, J. (2008). A field guide to the amphibians of Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Fauna & Flora International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neang, T., Grismer, L. L., Chan, K. O., Grismer, J. L., Wood, P. L., Jr., & Youmans, T. M. (2010). First report on the herpetofauna of Dalai Mountain in Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, southwestern Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia. Cambodian J Nat His, 2010, 127–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, V. S., Ho, T. C. & Nguyen, Q. T. (2009). Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Frankfurt am Main: Edition Chimaira

  • Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M., & Orlov, N. (2012a). A new Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Kon Tum Plateau, Vietnam. Curr Herpetol, 31, 28–37.

  • Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M., & Wong, A. (2013). A new striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Curr Herpetol, 32, 159–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M., & Yambun, P. (2012b). A new unstriped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Curr Herpetol, 31, 67–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M., Yong, H., Ahmad, N., Yambun, P., Belabut, D. M., Sudin, A., Hamidy, A., Orlov, N. L., Ota, H., Yoshikawa, N., Tominaga, A., & Shimada, T. (2012c). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of caecilians from Southeast Asia (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Ichthyophiidae), with special reference to high cryptic species diversity in Sundaland. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63, 714–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, R. A., & Gans, C. (1980). On the Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) of Sri Lanka. Spolia Zeylanica, 35, 137–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nutphund, W. (2001). Amphibians of Thailand. Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Co. Ltd..

  • Nylander, J. A. A. (2004). MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Uppsala: Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlov, N. I. & Ananjeva, N. B. (2007), Amphibians of South-East Asia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 309, 1–269.

  • Orlov, N. I., Murphy, R. W., Ananjeva, N. B., Ryabov, S. A., & Ho, T. C. (2002). Herpetofauna of Vietnam a checklist. Part I. Amphibia Russian. Journal of Herpetol, 9, 81–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, W. C. H. (1880). Über die Eintheilung der Caecilien und insbesondere über die Gattungen Rhinatrema und Gymnopis. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1879, 924–945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, R. S. & Ravichandran, M. S. (1999). Gymnophiona (Amphibia) of India. A taxonomic study. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 172, i–vi + 1–117.

  • Pillai, R. S. (1986). Amphibian fauna of Silent Valley, Kerala S India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 84, 220–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poilane S. (1937). On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Acadamy of Science VI-B, 6, 387–427

  • Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998). Modeltest: testing a model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14, 817–818.

  • Pyron, R. A., & Wiens, J. J. (2011). A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 543–583.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roelants, K., Gower, D. J., Wilkinson, M., Loader, S. P., Biju, S. D., Guillaume, K., Moriau, L., & Bossuyt, F. (2007). Global patterns of diversification in the history of modern amphibians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 887–892

  • Ronquist, F., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003). MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salvador, A. (1975). Un nuevo cecilido procedente de Java (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 26, 366–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. M., Poyarkov, N. A., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2007). CO1 DNA barcoding amphibians: take the chance, meet the challenge. Molecular Ecology Notes, 8(2), 235–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. A. (1923). A review of the lizards of the genus Tropidophorus on the Asiatic mainland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 775–781

  • Stuart, B. L., Sok, K., & Neang, T. (2006). A collection of amphibians and reptiles from hilly eastern Cambodia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54, 129–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D. L. 2003. PAUP*—Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods), ver. 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA

  • Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731–2739.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1960). On the caecilian species Ichthyophis monochrous and Ichthyophis glutinosus and related species. Univ Kansas Scie Bull, 40, 37–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1962). The amphibian fauna of Thailand. Univ of Kansas Scie Bull, 43, 265–599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1968). The caecilians of the world: a taxonomic review. Lawrence: University of Kansas Science Bulletin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1920). Philippine Amphibia. Philippine J Scie, 16, 213–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1923). Additions to the herpetological fauna of the Philippine Islands, III. Philippine J Sci, 22, 515–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1965). New asiatic and african caecilians with redescriptions of certain other species. Univ Kansas Scie Bull, 46, 253–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1969). Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of new forms of caecilians. Univ Kansas Scie Bull, 48, 281–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1973). A caecilian miscellany. Univ Kansas Scie Bull, 50, 187–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, E. H. (1971). The caecilian fauna of Thailand, with an examination of scale characters. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 24, 33–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teynié, A., David, P., Ohler, A., & Luanglath, K. (2004). Notes on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from southern Laos, with a discussion of the occurrence of Indo-Malayan species. Hamadryad, 29, 33–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 25, 4876–4882.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tirant, G. (1885). Notes sur les Reptiles et les Batraciens de la Cochinechine et du Cambodge. Saigon: Excus. Et Reconn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran, K., Nguyen, V. S., & Ho, T. C. (1981). Baseline survey on the herpetofauna in North Vietnam (1955–1976). In V. T. Dao, D. T. Nguyen, K. L. Nguyen, & T. D. Vu (Eds.), Baseline survey on the herpetofauna in North Vietnam (pp. 365–427). Hanoi: Science and Technology Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Dijk, P. P, Wilkinson, M., Gower, D. J. & Kupfer, A. (2004a). Ichthyophis acuminatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2014.

  • van Dijk, P. P, Wilkinson, M., Gower, D. J. & Kupfer, A. (2004b). Ichthyophis laosensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2014.

  • van Dijk, P. P, Wilkinson, M., Gower, D. J. & Kupfer, A. (2004c). Ichthyophis youngorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 July 2014.

  • Wilkinson, M., Gower, D. J., Govindappa, V., & Venkatachalaiah, G. (2007). A new species of Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Karnataka, India. Herpetologica, 63, 511–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, M., Presswell, B., Sherratt, E., Papadopoulou, A., & Gower, D. J. (2014). A new species of striped Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Myanmar. Zootaxa, 3785(1), 045–058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, M., Sheps, J. A., Oomen, O. V., & Cohen, B. L. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships of Indian caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) inferred from mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23, 401–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, D.-T. (1984). A new species of Ichthyophis— I. bannanica. Acta Herpetol Sinica, 3, 73–76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, P., & Wake, M. H. (2009). A mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of living caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53, 479–491.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, T. (2002). Die Amphibien und Reptilien eines Tieflandfeuchtwald-Schutzgebietes in Vietnam. Münster: Natur und Tier Verlag GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Directorate of PNKB NP as well as V. T. Tran (Director of Cat Tien National Park) for issuing relevant permits. For the loan of specimens we want to thank Darrel Frost (AMNH), Canh X. Le and Thinh H. Ta (IEBR, Hanoi), Annemarie Ohler (MNHN, Paris), Valentina F. Orlova (ZMMU), and Alan Resetar (FMNH). Special thanks go to Eduard A. Galoyan, Sergei Kruskop, Olga Morozova, Igor V. Palko, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Evgeniy Popov and Anna B. Vassilieva for their invaluable support during field work, for fruitfull discussions and for their help with sample collection. We thank M. Cota for providing literature and Harry Taylor for taking photographs of the holotype of I. youngorum. Thanks are given to His Excellency Mok Mareth, Senior Minister and His Excellency Chay Samith, Delegate of the Royal Government of Cambodia in charge as General Director of General Department of Administration for Nature Conservation & Protection, Ministry of Environment for granting research permissions, and to Sy Ramony. NAP also thanks Sophia M. Kolchanova and Evgeniya N. Solovyeva for assistance in the lab, and Anna M. Mihalskaya, Andrey D. Poyarkov, Kazuma Ishihara and Yuya Ishihara for continued support during manuscript preparation.

Field work of PG was partly funded by the German Society of Herpetology (DGHT) and the Alexander Koenig Society (AKG). NQT thanks to Cuong T. Pham, Dai V. Nguyen (Hanoi), and Kien N. Dang (Quang Binh) for their assistance in the field. Field survey in Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park and extension area was support by the Nature Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management in Phong Nha –Ke Bang National Park Region Project with funding from the Vietnam-Germany Development Cooperation. Research of T. Q. Nguyen in Germany is funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (VIE 1143441 STP). Fieldwork in Cambodia was made possible by grants provided to Thy Neang by the Rufford Small Grants Foundation (Ref: 08.01.10), and to Fauna & Flora International by the Zoological Parks and Gardens Board of Victoria (Australia), Darwin Initiative (DEFRA, UK: EIDPO028), and the John D. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation (US: 09-92411-000-GSS). A Percy Sladen Memorial Travel grant to H. Müller is gratefully acknowledged. This research, including the molecular analyses and fieldwork in Vietnam and Thailand, was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (Grant Nos. RFBR-12-04-33150-mol_a_ved and RFBR_Taiwan No. 14-04-92000) and by a Grant of the President of Russian Federation (Grant No. MK-5815.2014.4) to NAP

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany

    Peter Geissler & Wolfgang Böhme

  2. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow GSP-1, 119991, Russia

    Nikolay A. Poyarkov Jr.

  3. Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center of the A.N. Severtsov, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, South Branch, 3, Street 3/2, 10 District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Nikolay A. Poyarkov Jr.

  4. Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, CA, 92515-8247, USA

    Lee Grismer

  5. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Truong Q. Nguyen & Hang T. An

  6. Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany

    Truong Q. Nguyen

  7. Department of National Parks, Ministry of Environment, 48 Samdech Preah Sihanouk, Tonle Bassac Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Thy Neang

  8. Fauna and Flora International (FFI), 19, Street 360, BKK 1, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Thy Neang

  9. Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, House 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany

    Alexander Kupfer

  10. AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Straße 173, Cologne, 50735, Germany

    Thomas Ziegler

  11. Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Hendrik Müller

  12. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany

    Peter Geissler & Alexander Kupfer

Authors
  1. Peter Geissler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nikolay A. Poyarkov Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lee Grismer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Truong Q. Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hang T. An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Thy Neang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Alexander Kupfer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Thomas Ziegler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Wolfgang Böhme
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Hendrik Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Peter Geissler or Nikolay A. Poyarkov Jr..

Appendices

Appendix 1

Table 5 List of Ichthyophis specimens used in molecular analyses and Genbank AN information
Full size table

Appendix 2

Table 6 List of Ichthyophiidae sequences used in molecular analyses and Genbank AN information
Full size table

Appendix 3

Table 7 List of unstriped Ichthyophis specimens examined morphologically
Full size table

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geissler, P., Poyarkov, N.A., Grismer, L. et al. New Ichthyophis species from Indochina (Gymnophiona, Ichthyophiidae): 1. The unstriped forms with descriptions of three new species and the redescriptions of I. acuminatus Taylor, 1960, I. youngorum Taylor, 1960 and I. laosensis Taylor, 1969. Org Divers Evol 15, 143–174 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-014-0190-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-014-0190-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation