Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Helderheid van zelfbeeld, communicatie met ouders en internaliserende problemen in de adolescentie

Self-concept clarity, communication with parents and internalizing symptoms in adolescence

  • Artikelen
  • Published:
Kind en adolescent

‘Lach een jongere niet uit om zijn gemaaktheid; hij probeert alleen het ene na het andere gezicht uit, om zo zijn eigen gezicht te vinden’ (Logan Pearsall Smith, 1931).

Samenvatting

In deze longitudinale studie werd verwacht dat een helderder en stabieler zelfbeeld van adolescenten wordt voorspeld door openheid binnen de communicatie met hun ouders, waarbij ouders goed naar jongeren luisteren en waarbij jongeren open kunnen zeggen wat hen bezighoudt. Daarnaast werd verwacht dat een minder helder en stabiel zelfbeeld samenhangt met een hoger niveau van internaliserende problemen, namelijk meer angst- en depressieve symptomen. Vier opeenvolgende jaren van vragenlijstonderzoek bij 323 jongeren (48,9% jongens; gemiddelde leeftijd T1 = 13,3 jaar) liet zien dat open communicatie een relatief helderder zelfbeeld voorspelde in het midden van de adolescentie. Een minder helder zelfbeeld voorspelde consistent hogere depressieniveaus en minder consistent hogere angstniveaus, en hogere angstsymptomen voorspelden een minder helder zelfbeeld. Deze studie maakt duidelijk dat angstsymptomen en open communicatie relevante factoren zijn in de ontwikkeling van een helder en stabiel zelfbeeld, en dat een minder helder zelfbeeld een hogere mate van latere depressieve en angstsymptomen in de loop van de jaren lijkt te voorspellen.

Abstract

This longitudinal study examined linkages between self-concept clarity, adolescents’ open communication with parents, and adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms. Dutch adolescents (N = 323; 51.1% girls; mean age at time 1 = 13.3 years) reported on these constructs in four consecutive annual measurements. Over time, higher levels of open communication with parents predicted higher self-concept clarity in middle adolescence. Furthermore, lower self-concept clarity predicted relatively higher levels of depressive symptoms over time across all waves, and higher anxiety levels in early adolescence. Higher levels of anxiety predicted lower levels of self-concept clarity. This study highlights the possible importance of anxiety symptoms and communication with parents in understanding the development of a clear self-concept, and demonstrates an association between lower self-concept clarity and higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms later on.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figuur 1
Figuur 2
Figuur 3

Literatuur

  • Adams, G. R., & Marshall, S. K. (1996). A developmental social psychology of identity: understanding the person-in-context. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 429–442.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. American Psychologist, 54, 317–326.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aron, A. (2003). Self and close relationships. In I. M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (red.), Handbook of self and identity (pag. 442–461). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model. Child Development, 56, 438–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, N. J., Wieling, E., & Watson, W. (2004). Self-reflecting in developmental context: variations in level and patterning during the first 2 university years. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 451–465.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, M., Neimeyer, G. J., & Brown, E. (2001). The divided self revisited: effects of self-concept clarity and self-concept differentiation on psychological adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 396–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Scale (SCARED): a replication study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1230–1236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & McKenzie Neer, S. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, K. B., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). Competence and psychopathology: cascade effects in the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 557–567.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. D. (1990). Self-esteem and clarity of the self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 538–549.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. D., Assanand, S., & Di Paula, A. (2003). The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 115–140.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 141–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing meditational models with longitudinal data: questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 558–577.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craighead, W. E., Smucker, M. R., Craighead, L. W., & Ilardi, S. S. (1998). Factor analysis of the Children’s Depression Inventory in a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 156–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crocetti, E., Klimstra, T., Keijsers, L., Hale III, W. W., & Meeus, W. (2009). Anxiety trajectories and identity development in adolescence: a five-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 839–849.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donahue, E. M., Robins, R. W., Roberts, B. W., & John, O. P. (1993). The divided self: concurrent and longitudinal effects of psychological adjustment and social roles on self-concept differentiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 834–846.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 8, 430–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2e druk.). New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkenauer, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Meeus, W. (2002). Keeping secrets from parents: advantages and disadvantages of secrecy in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 123–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frijns, T., & Finkenauer, C. (2009). Longitudinal associations between keeping a secret and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 145–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frijns, T., Keijsers, L., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2010). What parents don’t know and how it may affect their children: qualifying the disclosure-adjustment link. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 261–270.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Goede, I. H. A., Branje, S. J. T., Delsing, M. J. M. H., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Linkages over time between adolescents’ relationships with parents and friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1304–1315.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grotevant, H. D. (2001). Developing new insights from a process approach to adolescent development. Human Development, 44, 55–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1985). Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. Child Development, 56, 415–428.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, T., & Bluck, S. (2000). Getting a life: the emergence of the life story in adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 748–769.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hale III, W. W., Crocetti, E., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2011). A meta-analysis of the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 80–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. P., & Holmbeck, G. N. (1986). Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. Annals of Child Development, 3, 145–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S., Bijstra, J., Oostra, L., & Bosma, H. (1998). Adolescents’ perceptions of communication with parents relative to specific aspects of relationships with parents and personal development. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 305–322.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, E. (2013). Delineation of a threefold relationship among communication input variables, identity gaps, and depressive symptoms. Southern Communication Journal, 78, 163–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keijsers, L., Branje, S. J. T., Van der Valk, I. E., & Meeus, W. (2010). Reciprocal effects between parental solicitation, parental control, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 88–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3e druk.). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee-Flynn, S. C., Pomaki, G., DeLongis, A., Biesanz, J. C., & Puterman, E. (2011). Daily cognitive appraisals, daily affect, and long-term depressive symptoms: the role of self-esteem and self-concept clarity in the stress process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 255–268.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewandowski, G. W., Nardone, N., & Raines, A. J. (2010). The role of self-concept clarity in relationship quality. Self and Identity, 9, 416–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L. P. (1931). Afterthougths. London: Constable.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551–558.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, K. C., Pasupathi, M., & Pals, J. L. (2007). Selves creating stories creating selves: a process model of self-development. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 262–278.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meeus, W., Iedema, J., Maassen, G., & Engels, R. (2005). Separation-individuation revisited: on the interplay of parent-adolescent relations, identity and emotional adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 28, 89–106.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meeus, W., Oosterwegel, A., & Vollebergh, W. (2002). Parental and peer attachment and identity development in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 93–106.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meeus, W., Van de Schoot, R., Keijsers, L., Schwartz, S. J., & Branje, S. (2010). On the progression and stability of adolescent identity formation: a five-wave longitudinal study in early-to-middle and middle-to-late adolescence. Child Development, 81, 1565–1581.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meeus, W. H. J., Akse, J., Branje, S. J. T., Ter Bogt, T. F. M., Crommelin, P. M., Delsing, M. J. M. H., De Wied, M., et al. (2006). Codeboek van het onderzoeksproject CONflict And Management Of RElationships (CONAMORE). Ongepubliceerd manuscript. Utrecht: Utrecht Universiteit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nezlek, J. B., & Plesko, R. M. (2001). Day-to-day relationships among self-concept clarity, self-esteem, daily events, and mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 201–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panayiotou, G., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2006). Self-consciousness and psychological distress: a study using the Greek SCS. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (red.), Latent variables analysis: applications for developmental research (pag. 399–419). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment-structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Hale, W. W., III, Frijns, T., Oosterwegel, A., et al. (2010). Daily dynamics of personal identity and self-concept clarity. European Journal of Personality, 25, 373–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Hale III, W. W., Frijns, T., Oosterwegel, A., Meeus, W. H. J., et al. (2011). Daily dynamics of personal identity and self-concept clarity. European Journal of Personality, 25, 373–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Hale III, W. W., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2012). Characterizing the self-system over time in adolescence: internal structure and associations with internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1226–1239.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, C. L. M. (1997). Personal narrative: revealing self and reflecting other. Human Communication Research, 24, 302–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 213–240.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M. H. Bornstein (red.), Handbook of parenting. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waizenhofer, R. N., Buchanan, C. M., & Jackson-Newsom, J. (2004). Mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge of adolescents’ daily activities: its sources and its links with adolescent adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 348–360.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Youniss, J., & Smollar, J. (1985). Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Afdeling Jeugd en Gezin, Universiteit Utrecht, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Nederland

    Marloes P. A. van Dijk Msc.,  Susan Branje,  William W. Hale III &  Wim Meeus

  2. School van Sociale en gedragswetenschappen, Universiteit Tilburg, Tilburg, Nederland

    Loes Keijsers

  3. Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Skyler T. Hawk

Authors
  1. Marloes P. A. van Dijk Msc.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Susan Branje
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Loes Keijsers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Skyler T. Hawk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. William W. Hale III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wim Meeus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan Branje.

Additional information

Dit artikel betreft een Nederlandstalige bewerking van het volgende artikel: Dijk, M. P. A. van, Branje, S., Keijsers, L., Hawk, S. T., Hale III, W. W., & Meeus, W. (2014). Self-concept clarity across adolescence: Longitudinal associations with open communication with parents and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1861–1876.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

van Dijk, M.P.A., Branje, S., Keijsers, L. et al. Helderheid van zelfbeeld, communicatie met ouders en internaliserende problemen in de adolescentie. Kind Adolesc 41, 205–228 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-020-00238-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-020-00238-4

Trefwoorden

Keywords

Search

Navigation