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Remarkable anodic performance of lead titanate 1D nanostructures via in-situ irreversible formation of abundant Ti3+ as conduction pathways

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Abstract

PX-phase PbTiO3 (PT) nanowires with open channels running along the length direction have been investigated as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. This material shows a stabilized reversible specific capacity of about 410 mAh·g–1 up to 200 cycles with a charge/discharge voltage plateau of around 0.3–0.65 V. In addition, it exhibits superior high-rate performance, with 90% and 77% capacity retention observed at 1 and 2 A·g–1, respectively. At a very high current rate of 10 A·g–1, a specific capacity of over 170 mAh·g–1 is retained up to 100 cycles, significantly outperforming the rate capability reported for Pb and Pb oxides. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses along with the cyclic voltammogram results reveal that the PX-phase PT nanowires undergo irreversible structural amorphization and reduction reactions during the initial cycle, which allow them to transform into a composite structure composed of 2–5 nm Pb nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in the 1D amorphous Li2O·TiO2·LiTiO2 matrix. In this composite structure, the presence of abundant amounts of Ti3+ in both the charged and discharged states enhances the electrical conductance of the system, whereas the presence of ultrafine Pb nanoparticles imparts high reversible capacity. The structurally stable TiO2-based amorphous matrix can also considerably buffer the volume variation during the charge/discharge process, thereby facilitating extremely stable cycling performance. This compound combines the high specific capacity of Pb-based materials and the good rate capability of Ti3+-based wiring. Our results might furnish a possible route for achieving superior cycling and rate performance and contribute towards the search for next-generation anode materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Energy and Environment in Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Zhiyong Shi, Jin Wang, Yixiang Zhang & Bo Li

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Wenxi Wang & Zhouguang Lu

  3. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Yadong Li

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  1. Zhiyong Shi
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  2. Jin Wang
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  7. Yadong Li
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Correspondence to Jin Wang.

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Shi, Z., Wang, J., Wang, W. et al. Remarkable anodic performance of lead titanate 1D nanostructures via in-situ irreversible formation of abundant Ti3+ as conduction pathways. Nano Res. 9, 353–362 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0914-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0914-8

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