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Effects of Axial Stretch on Cell Proliferation and Intimal Thickness in Arteries in Organ Culture

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Abstract

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) remains the major cause of intermediate and long-term failure of vascular grafts and endovascular interventions. Arteries are subjected to a significant longitudinal stress in addition to the shear stress and tensile stress from the blood flow. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of axial stretch on cell proliferation and IH in arteries. Porcine carotid arteries, intact or endothelial cell (EC) denudated, were maintained ex vivo at different stretch ratios (1.3, 1.5, and 1.8) and flow rates (16 or 160 mL/min) while remaining at physiologic pressure for 7 days. The viability of the arteries was verified with norepinephrine, carbachol, and sodium nitroprusside stimulations, and the cell proliferation was detected using bromodeoxyuridine labeling and immunostaining. Our results showed that the axial stretch ratio did not significantly affect intimal thickness and cell proliferation in normal arteries. However, axial stretch increased the neointimal thickness in EC denudated arteries cultured under low flow conditions. The cell proliferation increased significantly in the intima and inner half of the media of the EC denudated arteries under normal or elevated axial stretch in comparison to intact arteries at the same stretch ratio. These results demonstrated that axial stretch with EC denudation and low flow increases neointimal formation and cell proliferation in the arteries.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH grant GM008194-25S10080. It was also partially supported by NSF grant 0602834, Texas Higher Educational Coordinating Board grant 003659-0014-2006, and NSF of China Grant 10928206. The authors thank the Granzins at New Braunfels, TX and Wiatrek at Poth, TX for generously providing the arteries for this work and thank Dr. John Zhang’s lab, Dr. William W. Mogan, and Mr. Kurtis Johnson for their help in this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas at San Antonio and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Yong-Ung Lee, Danika Hayman, Eugene A. Sprague & Hai-Chao Han

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Eugene A. Sprague

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA

    Hai-Chao Han

  4. Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

    Hai-Chao Han

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  1. Yong-Ung Lee
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Correspondence to Hai-Chao Han.

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Associate Editor Edward Guo oversaw the review of this article.

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Lee, YU., Hayman, D., Sprague, E.A. et al. Effects of Axial Stretch on Cell Proliferation and Intimal Thickness in Arteries in Organ Culture. Cel. Mol. Bioeng. 3, 286–295 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-010-0128-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-010-0128-9

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