References
Zhu AX, Sahani DV, Duda D, et al. Efficacy, safety and potential biomarkers of sunitinib monotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(18):3027–35.
Mendel DB, Laird AD, Xin X, et al. In vivo antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors: determination of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(1):327–37.
Abrams TJ, Lee LB, Murray LJ, Pryer NK, Cherrington JM. SU11248 inhibits KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta in preclinical models of human small cell lung cancer. Molecular cancer therapeutics. 2003;2(5):471–8.
O'Farrell AM, Abrams TJ, Yuen HA, et al. SU11248 is a novel FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent activity in vitro and in vivo. Blood. 2003;101(9):3597–605.
Sutent Full Prescribing Information. US Food and Drug Administration 2007
Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, et al. Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(2):115–24.
Martin G, Bellido L, Cruz JJ. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome induced by sunitinib. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(23):3559.
Cumurciuc R, Martinez-Almoyna L, Henry C, Husson H, de Broucker T. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during sunitinib therapy. Revue neurologique. 2008;164(6–7):605–7.
Govindarajan R, Adusumilli J, Baxter DL, El-Khoueiry A, Harik SI. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome induced by RAF kinase inhibitor BAY 43–9006. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(28):e48.
Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, et al. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(8):494–500.
Saito B, Nakamaki T, Nakashima H, et al. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome after repeat intermediate-dose cytarabine chemotherapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 2007;82(4):304–6.
van der Veldt AA, van den Eertwegh AJ, Hoekman K, Barkhof F, Boven E. Reversible cognitive disorders after sunitinib for advanced renal cell cancer in patients with preexisting arteriosclerotic leukoencephalopathy. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(10):1747–50.
Patyna S, Peng G. Distribution of sunitinib and its active metabolite in brain and spinal cord tissue following oral or intrvenous administration in rodents and monkeys. Eur J Cancer. 2006;4(12):21.
Koutras AK, Krikelis D, Alexandrou N, Starakis I, Kalofonos HP. Brain metastasis in renal cell cancer responding to sunitinib. Anticancer Res. 2007;27(6C):4255–7.
Medioni J, Cojocarasu O, Belcaceres JL, Halimi P, Oudard S. Complete cerebral response with sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(7):1282–3.
Negrier S. Case Report 3. Sunitinib malate in patients with cerebellar metastases. Eur J Cancer Suppl. 2007;5(7):32–4.
Thibault F, Billemont B, Rixe O. Regression of brain metastases of renal cell carcinoma with antiangiogenic therapy. J Neurooncol. 2008;86(2):243–4.
Helgason HH, Mallo HA, Droogendijk H, et al. Brain metastases in patients with renal cell cancer receiving new targeted treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(1):152–4.
Pouessel D, Culine S. High frequency of intracerebral hemorrhage in metastatic renal carcinoma patients with brain metastases treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Eur Urol. 2008;53(2):376–81.
Zhang ZG, Zhang L, Jiang Q, et al. VEGF enhances angiogenesis and promotes blood-brain barrier leakage in the ischemic brain. J Clin Invest. 2000;106(7):829–38.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The patient descried in this manuscript was enrolled on a phase II trial supported by Pfizer, as reported in Zhu et al., J Clin Oncol 27:3027–3035. This manuscript reports distinct and unique clinical and imaging information about an individual patient that has not been reported or presented previously.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miksad, R.A., Lai, KC., Stein, M.C. et al. Imbalance and Gait Disturbance from Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Hepatocellular Cancer. J Gastrointest Canc 40, 119–122 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-009-9086-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-009-9086-7