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Toxic Effects of Particulate Matter Derived from Dust Samples Near the Dzhidinski Ore Processing Mill, Eastern Siberia, Russia

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Abstract

Ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, an effect influenced by the metal components of the PM. We characterized five sediment samples obtained near a tungsten–molybdenum ore-processing complex in Zakamensk, Russia for elemental composition and PM toxicity with regard to pulmonary, vascular, and neurological outcomes. Elemental and trace metals analysis of complete sediment and PM10 (the respirable fraction, < 10 µm mass mean aerodynamic diameter) were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sediment samples and PM10 consisted largely of silicon and iron and silicon and sodium, respectively. Trace metals including manganese and uranium in the complete sediment, as well as copper and lead in the PM10 were observed. Notably, metal concentrations were approximately 10 × higher in the PM10 than in the sediment. Exposure to 100 µg of PM10 via oropharyngeal aspiration in C56BL/6 mice resulted in pulmonary inflammation across all groups. In addition, mice exposed to three of the five PM10 samples exhibited impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation, and correlative analysis revealed associations between pulmonary inflammation and levels of lead and cadmium. A tendency for elevated cortical ccl2 and Tnf-α mRNA expression was induced by all samples and significant upregulation was noted following exposure to PM10 samples Z3 and Z4, respectively. Cortical Nqo1 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in mice exposed to PM10 Z2. In conclusion, pulmonary exposure to PM samples from the Zakamensk region sediments induced varied pulmonary and systemic effects that may be influenced by elemental PM composition. Further investigation is needed to pinpoint putative drivers of neurological outcomes.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by RFBR (Grant No. 16-05-01041) and NIEHS (Grant No. ES026673). Katherine E. Zychowski received funding support from NIGMS (Grant No. K12GM088021) through the ASERT-IRACDA program at UNM and NIEHS (Grant No. K99ES029104). We thank Dr. Jesse Denson for editing this manuscript. A special thank you to Vladimir Belogolovov for collection of the dust samples. The BRO-Baikal is a civil society focused on the protection of Lake Baikal and its tributaries based in Ulan-Ude, the capital of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. Their US partner is the Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC), is focused on human and natural resource impacts of mining including the prevention of air and water contamination from residual mining waste and remediation of mines in the arid southwestern US. This fantastic collaboration made this work possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, MSC09 5360, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Katherine E. Zychowski, Abigail Wheeler, Bethany Sanchez, Molly Harmon, Guy Herbert, Selita N. Lucas, Nitesh Kunda, Pavan Muttil & Matthew J. Campen

  2. Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    Christina R. Steadman Tyler

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Abdul-Mehdi Ali, Sumant Avasarala & Jose M. Cerrato

  4. Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87196, USA

    Paul Robinson

  5. Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Barry Bleske

  6. Geological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Olga Smirnova

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  1. Katherine E. Zychowski
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Zychowski, K.E., Wheeler, A., Sanchez, B. et al. Toxic Effects of Particulate Matter Derived from Dust Samples Near the Dzhidinski Ore Processing Mill, Eastern Siberia, Russia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 19, 401–411 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-019-09507-y

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