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Particulate and gaseous emissions in two coastal cities—Chennai and Vishakhapatnam, India

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Abstract

The presence of land sea breezes is advantageous to Chennai and Vishakhapatnam. With most industrial and power plant emissions dispersed to the sea, their overall impact on the urban air quality is lessened. However, the same is not true for the diffused emissions, such as the vehicle exhaust, domestic cooking, open waste burning, and road dust, which are steadily increasing. The annual averages for 2012 in Chennai are 121.5 ± 45.5, 12.1 ± 3.5, and 20.8 ± 7.0 and in Vishakhapatnam are 70.4 ± 29.7, 18.9 ± 14.4, and 15.6 ± 6.3, for PM10, SO2, and NO2 respectively. All the concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic millimeter. In this paper, we present sector-specific emissions inventory for particulate and gaseous pollutants, which is spatially disaggregated at 0.01° resolution, suitable for atmospheric dispersion modeling. For the urban airshed, the ambient particulate concentrations were modeled using the ATMoS dispersion model, which when overlaid on gridded population, resulted in estimated 4,850 and 1,250 premature deaths and 390,000 and 110,000 asthma attacks in year 2012, for the Greater Chennai and the Greater Vishakhapatnam regions, respectively. The total emissions are also projected to 2030. Under the current growth rates and policy assumptions, the pollution levels are likely to further increase, if the expected changes in the industrial energy efficiency, environmental regulations in the power plants, and fuel standards for the vehicles are not introduced as planned.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the partial support from the PURGE project (Public health impacts in urban environments of Greenhouse gas Emissions reductions strategies) funded by the European Commission by its 7th Framework Programme under the Grant Agreement No. 265325.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Program, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Sarath K. Guttikunda, Rahul Goel, Dinesh Mohan, Geetam Tiwari & Ravi Gadepalli

  2. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, USA

    Sarath K. Guttikunda

Authors
  1. Sarath K. Guttikunda
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  2. Rahul Goel
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  3. Dinesh Mohan
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  4. Geetam Tiwari
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  5. Ravi Gadepalli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarath K. Guttikunda.

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Highlights

1. An inventory of particulate and gaseous emissions for two coastal cities in India

2. Resources for activity data utilized for emissions inventory

3. Results of ATMoS dispersion modeling for ambient particulate pollution

4. Health impacts of particulate pollution

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Guttikunda, S.K., Goel, R., Mohan, D. et al. Particulate and gaseous emissions in two coastal cities—Chennai and Vishakhapatnam, India. Air Qual Atmos Health 8, 559–572 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-014-0303-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-014-0303-6

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