Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Friction Stir-Processed Thermally Stable Immiscible Nanostructured Alloys

  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Friction stir processing of a ternary immiscible alloy was investigated as a pathway to thermally stable nanostructured alloys. The processed alloy was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nano-indentation, and thermal stability analysis. Both XRD and high-magnification SEM confirmed the formation of solid solution at the shear edge of the friction stir layer. Microstructural inhomogeneity was observed in the processed region that resulted in hardness variation. Upon annealing treatment, a significant improvement in hardness was observed at 200°C that was due to the formation of nano-precipitates. Remarkably, the Cu-Ag-Nb immiscible system displayed exceptional thermal stability up to 500°C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Gleiter, Progr. Mater. Sci. 33, 223 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M.A. Meyers, A. Mishra, and D.J. Benson, Progr. Mater. Sci. 51, 427 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M.A. Tschopp, H.A. Murdoch, L.J. Kecskes, and K.A. Darling, JOM 66, 1000 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D.S. Gianola, S. Van Petegem, M. Legros, S. Brandstetter, H. Van Swygenhoven, and K.J. Hemker, Acta Mater. 54, 2253 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T.J. Rupert, D.S. Gianola, Y. Gan, and K.J. Hemker, Science 326, 1686 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. K. Zhang, J.R. Weertman, and J.A. Eastman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061921 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Zhang, J.R. Weertman, and J.A. Eastman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5197 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Jin, A.M. Minor, E.A. Stach, and J.W. Morris Jr, Acta Mater. 52, 5381 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Boyce and H. Padilla II, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 42, 1793 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C.J. Shute, B.D. Myers, S. Xie, T.W. Barbee Jr, A.M. Hodge, and J.R. Weertman, Scr. Mater. 60, 1073 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Shaw, H. Luo, J. Villegas, and D. Miracle, Acta Mater. 51, 2647 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Michels, C.E. Krill, H. Ehrhardt, R. Birringer, and D.T. Wu, Acta Mater. 47, 2143 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. E. Botcharova, J. Freudenberger, and L. Schultz, Acta Mater. 54, 3333 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T. Frolov, K.A. Darling, L.J. Kecskes, and Y. Mishin, Acta Mater. 60, 2158 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. K.A. Darling, M.A. Tschopp, R.K. Guduru, W.H. Yin, Q. Wei, and L.J. Kecskes, Acta Mater. 76, 168 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M.A. Atwater, D. Roy, K.A. Darling, B.G. Butler, R.O. Scattergood, and C.C. Koch, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 558, 226 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Sheibani, S. Heshmati-Manesh, and A. Ataie, J. Alloy Compd. 495, 59 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. N.Q. Vo, S.W. Chee, D. Schwen, X. Zhang, P. Bellon, and R.S. Averback, Scr. Mater. 63, 929 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Ma, J.-H. He, and P.J. Schilling, Phys. Rev. B 55, 5542 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. M.A. Atwater, R.O. Scattergood, and C.C. Koch, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 559, 250 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. E. Ma, Progr. Mater. Sci. 50, 413 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. C. Suryanarayana, Progr. Mater. Sci. 46, 1 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Odunuga, Y. Li, P. Krasnochtchekov, P. Bellon, and R.S. Averback, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 045901 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Vo, J. Zhou, Y. Ashkenazy, D. Schwen, R. Averback, and P. Bellon, JOM 65, 382 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. N.Q. Vo, S. Odunuga, P. Bellon, and R.S. Averback, Acta Mater. 57, 3012 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. N.Q. Vo, R.S. Averback, Y. Ashkenazy, P. Bellon, and J. Wang, J. Mater. Res. 27, 1621 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Ashkenazy, N.Q. Vo, D. Schwen, R.S. Averback, and P. Bellon, Acta Mater. 60, 984 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Xu, J.-H. He, and E. Ma, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 28, 1569 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Botcharova, J. Freudenberger, and L. Schultz, J. Mater. Sci. 39, 5287 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T. Klassen, U. Herr, and R.S. Averback, Acta Mater. 45, 2921 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. E. Ma and M. Atzmon, Mater. Chem. Phys. 39, 249 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. X. Quelennec, A. Menand, J.M. Le Breton, R. Pippan, and X. Sauvage, Philos. Mag. 90, 1179 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. S.N. Arshad, T.G. Lach, M. Pouryazdan, H. Hahn, P. Bellon, S.J. Dillon, and R.S. Averback, Scr. Mater. 68, 215 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Raabe, S. Ohsaki, and K. Hono, Acta Mater. 57, 5254 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. R.S. Mishra and Z.Y. Ma, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 50, 1 (2005).

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Liu, L. Zhang, L. Song, L. Meng, Y. Zeng, M. Wang, Y. Fang, and J. Ma, J. Alloy Compd. 586, 16 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Z.W. Chen and S. Cui, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 4, 012026 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Mukherjee and A.K. Ghosh, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 5130 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. R.S. Mishra, P.S. De, and N. Kumar, Friction stir welding and processing (New York: Springer, 2014).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  40. S.W. Chee, B. Stumphy, N.Q. Vo, R.S. Averback, and P. Bellon, Acta Mater. 58, 4088 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. X. Zhang, N.Q. Vo, P. Bellon, and R.S. Averback, Acta Mater. 59, 5332 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. X. Zhang, J. Wen, P. Bellon, and R.S. Averback, Acta Mater. 61, 2004 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Mula, H. Bahmanpour, S. Mal, P.C. Kang, M. Atwater, W. Jian, R.O. Scattergood, and C.C. Koch, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 539, 330 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. S. Özerinç, K. Tai, N.Q. Vo, P. Bellon, R.S. Averback, and W.P. King, Scr. Mater. 67, 720 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. K.A. Darling, A.J. Roberts, Y. Mishin, S.N. Mathaudhu, and L.J. Kecskes, J. Alloy Compd. 573, 142 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) for the microscopy facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA

    Mageshwari Komarasamy, Rajiv S. Mishra, Sundeep Mukherjee & Marcus L. Young

Authors
  1. Mageshwari Komarasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajiv S. Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sundeep Mukherjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marcus L. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajiv S. Mishra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Komarasamy, M., Mishra, R.S., Mukherjee, S. et al. Friction Stir-Processed Thermally Stable Immiscible Nanostructured Alloys. JOM 67, 2820–2827 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1641-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1641-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation