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Biomineralization of a Self-assembled, Soft-Matrix Precursor: Enamel

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Abstract

Enamel is the bioceramic covering of teeth, a composite tissue composed of hierarchical organized hydroxyapatite crystallites fabricated by cells under physiologic pH and temperature. Enamel material properties resist wear and fracture to serve a lifetime of chewing. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms for enamel formation may allow a biology-inspired approach to material fabrication based on self-assembling proteins that control form and function. A genetic understanding of human diseases exposes insight from nature’s errors by exposing critical fabrication events that can be validated experimentally and duplicated in mice using genetic engineering to phenocopy the human disease so that it can be explored in detail. This approach led to an assessment of amelogenin protein self-assembly that, when altered, disrupts fabrication of the soft enamel protein matrix. A misassembled protein matrix precursor results in loss of cell-to-matrix contacts essential to fabrication and mineralization.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to his colleagues at USC and at other institutions for their support, encouragement, and stimulation over these years, attributes that are reflected in the content of this manuscript. It is hard to imagine more fun than scientific discovery shared with friends. This research was supported by USPHS, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Grant DE06988 and DE14045.

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  1. Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Hermann Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSA Room 142, HSC, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA

    Malcolm L. Snead

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Correspondence to Malcolm L. Snead.

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Snead, M.L. Biomineralization of a Self-assembled, Soft-Matrix Precursor: Enamel. JOM 67, 788–795 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1305-z

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