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Scalable Fabrication of Metal Oxide Functional Materials and Their Applications in High-Temperature Optical Sensing

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Abstract

We report a scalable manufacturing approach to produce nano-porous metal oxide films and the dopant variants using a block-copolymer template combined with a sol–gel solution processing approach. The refractive index of the film can be tailored to 1.2–2.4 by 3D nanostructuring in the sub-wavelength regime at scales of 20 nm or less. Based on this approach, this paper reports the synthesis of nanoporous palladium (Pd)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) film with refractive index matching the optical fiber material, and its importance on D-shaped fiber Bragg grating for hydrogen sensing at extremely high temperature up to 700°C. The sensor is based on evanescent field interaction in hydrogen-sensitive cladding. The flat side of D-shaped fiber grating was etched to remove a residual 4 μm cladding material, and thermally stabilized for high-temperature requirements. The peak intensity change of the fiber Bragg wavelength was observed with different hydrogen concentrations from 0.25 vol.% H2/N2 to 5 vol.% H2/N2. The experimental result shows that the sensor’s hydrogen response is reversible and fast. The response time of the hydrogen sensor is <8 s.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1300273, CMMI-1348591) and the Department of Energy (DE-FE0003859). This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Aidong Yan, Zsolt L. Poole, Rongzhang Chen & Kevin P. Chen

  2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Paul W. Leu

  3. National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236, USA

    Paul Ohodnicki

Authors
  1. Aidong Yan
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  2. Zsolt L. Poole
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  3. Rongzhang Chen
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  4. Paul W. Leu
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  5. Paul Ohodnicki
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  6. Kevin P. Chen
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Correspondence to Kevin P. Chen.

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Yan, A., Poole, Z.L., Chen, R. et al. Scalable Fabrication of Metal Oxide Functional Materials and Their Applications in High-Temperature Optical Sensing. JOM 67, 53–58 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1235-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1235-1

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