Abstract
Electron beam direct manufacturing, synonymously known as electron beam additive manufacturing, along with other additive “3-D printing” manufacturing processes, are receiving widespread attention as a means of producing net-shape (or near-net-shape) components, owing to potential manufacturing benefits. Yet, materials scientists know that differences in manufacturing processes often significantly influence the microstructure of even widely accepted materials and, thus, impact the properties and performance of a material in service. It is important to accelerate the understanding of the processing–structure–property relationship of materials being produced via these novel approaches in a framework that considers the performance in a statistically rigorous way. This article describes the development of a process model, the assessment of key microstructural features to be incorporated into a microstructure simulation model, a novel approach to extract a constitutive equation to predict tensile properties in Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64), and a probabilistic approach to measure the fidelity of the property model against real data. This integrated approach will provide designers a tool to vary process parameters and understand the influence on performance, enabling design and optimization for these highly visible manufacturing approaches.
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Notes
Currently, a database for electron beam additively manufactured Ti-64 does not exist. This database is underdevelopment. To demonstrate the integration of the tool, another database has been used, and another one can be used to make predictions of strength in the α + β wrought substrate onto which the Ti-64 is additively deposited.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DARPA Contract HR0011-12-C-0035, “An Open Manufacturing Environment for Titanium Fabrication,” the support of Boeing Research and Technology and the technical lead (David Bowden), Sciaky, and The Ohio State University. In addition, the authors are grateful to Lehigh University, the University of North Texas, and UNT’s Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART).
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Collins, P.C., Haden, C.V., Ghamarian, I. et al. Progress Toward an Integration of Process–Structure–Property–Performance Models for “Three-Dimensional (3-D) Printing” of Titanium Alloys. JOM 66, 1299–1309 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1007-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1007-y