Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by amorphous TiO2 in ionic liquid

  • Catalysis, Reaction Engineering
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Three types of TiO2 were synthesized by a hydrolysis and calcination method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD and Raman spectra indicated that amorphous TiO2 was successfully obtained at 100 °C. The results indicated that amorphous TiO2 achieved the highest efficiency of desulfurization. The photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and dodecanethiol (RSH) in model oil was studied at room temperature (30 °C) with three catalysts. The system contained amorphous TiO2, H2O2, and [Bmim]BF4 ionic liquid, ultraviolet (UV), which played vitally important roles in the photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization. Especially, the molar ratio of H2O2 and sulfur (O/S) was only 2: 1, which corresponded to the stoichiometric reaction. The sulfur removal of DBT-containing model oil with amorphous TiO2 could reach 96.6%, which was apparently superior to a system with anatase TiO2 (23.6%) or with anatase — rutile TiO2 (18.2%). The system could be recycled seven times without a signicant decrease in photocatalytic activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N. H. Ko, J. S. Lee, E. S. Huh, H. Lee, K. D. Jung, H. S. Kim and M. Cheong, Energy Fuels, 22, 1687 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. F. Lin, D. E. Wang, Z. X. Jiang, Y. Ma, J. Li, R. G. Li and C. Li, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 6400 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. T. Li, Y. Liu, Z.M. Sun, Y. Zhao, R. H. Liu, L. J. Chen and D. S. Zhao, Catal. Sci. Technol., 2, 1455 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. C. D. Lokhande, E. H. Lee, K. D. Jung and O. S. Joo, J. Mater. Sci., 39, 2915 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Shiraishi, T. Hirai and I. Komasawa, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 35, 1305 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. T. H. T. Vu, T. T. T. Nguyen, P. H. T. Nguyen, M. H. Do, H. T. Au, T. B. Nguyen, D. L. Nguyen and J. S. Park, Mater. Res. Bull., 47 308 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. F. T. Li, R. H. Liu and Z. M. Sun, China Petrol. Process. Petrochem. Technol., 53 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. E. Demaray, H.M. Zhang, M. Narasimhan and V. Milonopoulou, US Patent, 20,040,259,305 A1 (2004).

  9. Z.Y. Zhang and P. A. Maggard, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 186, 8 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. K. I. Senevirathna, P. K. D. D. P. Pitigala and K. Tennakone, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 171, 257 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. W. S. Zhu, H. M. Li, Q. Q. Gu, P.W. Wu, G. P. Zhu, Y. S. Yan and G. Y. Chen, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 336, 16 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. X. Ding, W. S. Zhu, H.M. Li, W. Jiang, M. Zhang, Y. Q. Duan and Y. H. Chang, Green Chem., 13, 1210 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W. S. Zhu, J. T. Zhang, H. M. Li, Y. H. Chao, W. Jiang, S. Yin and H. Liu, RSC Adv., 2, 658 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. T. J. Cai, Y. C. Liao, Z. S. Peng, Y. F. Long, Z.Y. Wei and Q. Deng, J. Environ. Sci., 21, 997 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R. J. Tayade, P. K. Surolia, R.G. Kulkarni and R.V. Jasra, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 8, 455 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. F. Chen, C.H. Lee, M.Y. Yeng and H. T. Chiu, J. Cryst. Growth, 247, 363 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. P.M. Kumar, S. Badrinarayanan and M. Sastry, Thin Solid Films, 358, 122 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R. S. Davidson, C. L. Morrison and J. Abraham, J. Photochem., 24, 27 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Zou, J.C. Gao and F.Y. Xie, J. Alloy. Compd., 497, 420 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Yoshitake and D. Abe, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 119, 267 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. E. McCafferty and J. P. Wightman, Surf. Interface Anal., 26, 549 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Anpo, H. Yamashita, K. Ikeue, Y. Fujii, S.G. Zhang, Y. Ichihashi, D. R. Park, Y. Suzuki, K. Koyano and T. Tatsumi, Catal. Today, 44, 327 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Muruganandham and M. Swaminathan, J. Hazard. Mater., 135, 78 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Matsuzawa, J. Tanaka, S. Sato and T. Ibusuki, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 149, 183 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D. S. Zhao, R. Liu, J. L. Wang and B.Y. Liu, Enery Fuels, 22, 1100 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Zhang, D. S. Zhao, L.Y. Yang and Y.B. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 528 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. H. Xu, S. Zhao, W. Chen, M. Wang and Y. F. Song, Chem. Eur. J., 18, 4775 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Otsuki, T. Nonaka, N. Takashima, W. H. Qian, A. Ishihara, T. Imai and T. Kabe, Energy Fuels, 14, 1232 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. W. S. Zhu, H.M. Li, X. Jiang, Y. S. Yan, J. D. Lu, L.N. He and J. X. Xia, Green Chem., 10, 641 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China

    Wenshuai Zhu, Yehai Xu, Huaming Li, Bilian Dai, Chao Wang, Yanhong Chao & Hui Liu

  2. School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China

    Hui Xu

Authors
  1. Wenshuai Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yehai Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huaming Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bilian Dai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hui Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yanhong Chao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hui Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huaming Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhu, W., Xu, Y., Li, H. et al. Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by amorphous TiO2 in ionic liquid. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 31, 211–217 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0224-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0224-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation