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Essential Fatty Acid Plasma Profiles Following Gastric Bypass and Adjusted Gastric Banding Bariatric Surgeries

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Abstract

Background

Although patients experience hair loss and dry skin which may be attributable to deficiency in essential fatty acids (EFAs), the impact of bariatric surgeries on EFA status is unknown.

Methods

This study aimed to assess plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles following adjustable gastric banding (AGB), which restricts dietary fat intake, versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), which also promotes fat malabsorption. Serial measures were obtained before and 1 and 6 months from women undergoing RYGB (N = 13) and AGB (N = 5). Measures included the composition of plasma fatty acids in phospholipids, dietary intake, and body fat mass. Friedman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to assess differences over time and between groups, respectively, p < 0.05.

Results

Dietary intake of fats decreased equally at 1 and 6 months following RYGB and AGB. By 6 months, the RYGB group lost more body fat. There were no remarkable changes in EFA in plasma phospholipids following AGB. However, following RYGB, a transient increase in 20:4N6 (+18 %) and a decrease in 20:3N6 at 1 (−47 %) and 6 months (−47 %) were observed. Similar changes were observed in N3 fatty acids following RYGB, including a transient increase in 22:6N3 (+11 %) and decreases in 20:5N3 (−79 and −67 % at 1 and 6 months, respectively). EFA status improved following surgery in the RYGB group.

Conclusions

We demonstrate alterations in plasma EFA following RYGB. The status of EFA improved, but the decrease in 20:5N3, the precursor for anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, may be a concern.

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Abbreviations

EFA:

Essential fatty acids

RYGB:

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

AGB:

Adjustable gastric banding

AA:

Arachidonic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

LA:

Linoleic acid

ALA:

Alpha-linolenic acid

A-CTSI:

Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute

BMI:

Body mass index

CRP:

C-reactive protein

FFA:

Free fatty acids

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Acknowledgments

We thank all study participants. We thank Marnie Van Meter and Mateusz Stochelski for their technical assistance for the fatty acid analysis. This work was supported by the National Institute of Health grants R03 DK067167 and R21 DK 075745 (to NGM), K24 RR023356 (to TRZ), and the Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute grant UL1 RR025008.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, Stone Hall, Room 208, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Rebekah Forbes, Emily M. Watson, John R. Burgess & Nana Gletsu-Miller

  2. Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Danijela Gasevic

  3. Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Thomas R. Ziegler

  4. Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Edward Lin

Authors
  1. Rebekah Forbes
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  2. Danijela Gasevic
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  3. Emily M. Watson
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  4. Thomas R. Ziegler
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  5. Edward Lin
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  6. John R. Burgess
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  7. Nana Gletsu-Miller
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nana Gletsu-Miller.

Additional information

Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT00228579

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Forbes, R., Gasevic, D., Watson, E.M. et al. Essential Fatty Acid Plasma Profiles Following Gastric Bypass and Adjusted Gastric Banding Bariatric Surgeries. OBES SURG 26, 1237–1246 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-1876-3

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