Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a high prevalence of co-occurring with emotion dysregulation (ED). Youths with ADHD and ED are more likely to have increased functional impairment. There is accumulating research on defining the features, behavioral, and physiological manifestations of ED, but there are currently few studies elucidating neuroanatomical correlations of ED in ADHD. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 118 children (aged 7–18 years) with ADHD (50 ADHD+high ED, 68 ADHD+low ED), and 104 typically developing controls (TDC) were processed using voxel-based morphometry. We used both dichotomous and continuous indices of ED to examine the possible correspondence between ED and ADHD. Relative to ADHD+high ED, ADHD+low ED had greater gray matter (GM) volumes over the left anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC). ADHD+low ED and ADHD+high ED shared a negative association of ED levels with the left middle temporal pole GM volume. TDC and ADHD+low ED also shared negative relationships of ED levels with the right temporal volume, and positive relationships with the left dorsolateral PFC volume. Besides, ED-by-group interactions were also noted. Specifically, medial PFC GM volumes increased and decreased with ED severity in ADHD+low ED and ADHD+high ED, respectively; and left cerebellum Crus GM volumes decreased and increased with ED severity in ADHD+low ED and ADHD+high ED, respectively. Our findings add to the evidence that some specific neural correlates are underpinning ED across ADHD and TDC. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating ED problems when considering heterogeneity in studies of ADHD.
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The authors thank the funding agencies for their support and all the participants and research assistants for their contribution to the study.
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This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (NSC101–2321-B-002-079, NSC101-2627-B-002-002, MOST106-2314-B-002 -104 -MY3), National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH101-S1910), and National Health Research Institute (NHRI-EX102-10008PI, NHRI-EX105-10404PI, NHRI-EX106-10404PI, NHRI-EX107-10404PI), Taiwan.
The funding agency had no role in the design, conduct of the study, data analysis or preparation of the manuscript.
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Author contributions included conception and study design (CJT and SSG), data collection and acquisition (IWT and SSG), statistical analysis (CJT and HYL), interpretation of results (CJT, HYL, and SSG), drafting the manuscript work (CJT and HYL) and revising it critically for important intellectual content (HYL and SSG) and approval of the final version to be published and agreement to be accountable for the integrity and accuracy of all aspects of the work (All authors).
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Tsai, CJ., Lin, HY., Tseng, I.WY. et al. Brain voxel-based morphometry correlates of emotion dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 1388–1402 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00338-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00338-y