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Supersonic Nozzle Flow Simulations for Particle Coating Applications: Effects of Shockwaves, Nozzle Geometry, Ambient Pressure, and Substrate Location upon Flow Characteristics

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Abstract

Characteristics of supersonic flow are examined with specific regard to nano-particle thin-film coating. Effects of shockwaves, nozzle geometry, chamber pressure, and substrate location were studied computationally. Shockwaves are minimized to reduce fluctuations in flow properties at the discontinuities across diamond shock structures. Nozzle geometry was adjusted to ensure optimal expansion (i.e., P exit = P ambient), where shock formation was significantly reduced and flow kinetic energy maximized. When the ambient pressure was reduced from 1 to 0.01316 bar, the nozzle’s diverging angle must be increased to yield the optimum condition of minimized adversed effects. Beyond some critical distance, substrate location did not seem to be a sensitive parameter on flow characteristics when P amb = 0.01316 bar; however, overly close proximity to the nozzle exit caused flow disturbances inside the nozzle, thereby adversely affecting coating gas flow.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the New and Renewable Energy Program through the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP, 2010-3010010011) grant and the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The corresponding author also acknowledges that a partial support was made for this project by the National Research Foundation of Korea NRF Grant (NRF-2010-0010217). Dr. Scott James acknowledges that Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea

    Jung-Jae Park, Min-Wook Lee, Sam S. Yoon & Ho-Young Kim

  2. Thermal/Fluid Science and Engineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA

    Scott C. James

  3. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Stephen D. Heister

  4. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Rd., Toronto, ON, Canada

    Sanjeev Chandra

  5. Functional Ceramics Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 66 Sangnam-Dong, Changwon, Kyungnam, 641-831, Korea

    Woon-Ha Yoon, Dong-Soo Park & Jungho Ryu

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  1. Jung-Jae Park
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  2. Min-Wook Lee
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  9. Dong-Soo Park
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Correspondence to Sam S. Yoon.

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Park, JJ., Lee, MW., Yoon, S.S. et al. Supersonic Nozzle Flow Simulations for Particle Coating Applications: Effects of Shockwaves, Nozzle Geometry, Ambient Pressure, and Substrate Location upon Flow Characteristics. J Therm Spray Tech 20, 514–522 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-010-9542-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-010-9542-8

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