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Effects of Small Additions of Tin on High-Temperature Oxidation of Fe-Cu-Sn Alloys for Surface Hot Shortness

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Abstract

Steel produced in an electric arc furnace contains a high amount of copper (Cu) that causes a surface-cracking phenomenon called surface hot shortness. It is known that tin (Sn) can exacerbate the hot shortness problem. A series of iron (Fe)-0.3 wt pct Cu-x wt pct Sn alloys with an Sn content ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 wt pct was oxidized in air at 1423 K (1150 °C) for 60 seconds, 300 seconds, and 600 seconds using thermogravimetry. A numerical model developed in a previous article was applied to predict the liquid–γFe interface concentrations and interface morphology in the Fe-Cu-Sn ternary system. Scanning electron microscopy investigations show that (1) The interface between the oxide and the metal is planar as predicted by the numerical model, (2) Sn leads to severe Cu-rich liquid penetration and cracking along the grain boundaries, and (3) open cracks with Fe oxides were found beneath the oxide–metal interface. The focused ion beam serial-sectioning technique was used to reveal a three-dimensional structure of cracks in the grain boundary containing Cu-rich liquid and Fe oxides.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) at Carnegie Mellon University is gratefully acknowledged. Discussions with Dr. Ron O’Malley at Nucor Steel and Professor Paul Wynblatt at Carnegie Mellon University are greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Lan Yin (Graduate Student) & Seetharaman Sridhar (POSCO Professor)

  2. National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236, USA

    Seetharaman Sridhar (POSCO Professor)

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  1. Lan Yin
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  2. Seetharaman Sridhar
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Correspondence to Seetharaman Sridhar.

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Manuscript submitted April 28, 2010.

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Yin, L., Sridhar, S. Effects of Small Additions of Tin on High-Temperature Oxidation of Fe-Cu-Sn Alloys for Surface Hot Shortness. Metall Mater Trans B 41, 1095–1107 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-010-9418-9

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