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Microstructural Evolution of Secondary Phases in the Cast Duplex Stainless Steels CD3MN and CD3MWCuN

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Abstract

The isothermal formation behavior of secondary phases in two types of duplex stainless steels (DSS), CD3MN and CD3MWCuN, was characterized. Samples were heat treated from 1 minute to 30 days at temperatures from 700°C to 900°C. Small carbide (M23C6) and nitride (Cr2N) precipitates, together with the intermetallic phases sigma and chi, were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Based on SEM analysis, time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves for the sigma and chi phases were determined by measuring their volume fractions from backscattered electron micrographs of heat-treated and quenched sample cross sections. Resulting TTT curves showed that the maximum formation temperature for chi is lower than that for sigma, while the time to reach 1 vol pct formation is much less for sigma than it is for chi. The thermodynamic driving forces associated with the sigma and chi formation were assessed using Thermo-Calc.

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Notes

  1. Philips is a trademark of Philips Electronic Instruments Corp., Mahwah, NJ.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) via a subcontract with the University of Alabama at Birmingham and was in collaboration with the Steel Founders’ Society of America (SFSA) and their members. The TEM work was performed at Ames Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-82 with the United States Department of Energy. The authors thank Alfred Kracher, Susan Shen, and Allison McNichols for assisting with this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hyundai-Kia Motors, Seoul, South Korea

    YOON-JUN KIM (Research Engineer)

  2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA

    OZAN UGURLU (Research Scientists) & CHAO JIANG (Research Scientists)

  3. Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, IA, 50011, USA

    BRIAN GLEESON (Professors) & L. SCOTT CHUMBLEY (Professors)

Authors
  1. YOON-JUN KIM
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  2. OZAN UGURLU
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  3. CHAO JIANG
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  4. BRIAN GLEESON
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  5. L. SCOTT CHUMBLEY
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. SCOTT CHUMBLEY.

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Manuscript submitted August 11, 2006.

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KIM, YJ., UGURLU, O., JIANG, C. et al. Microstructural Evolution of Secondary Phases in the Cast Duplex Stainless Steels CD3MN and CD3MWCuN. Metall Mater Trans A 38, 203–211 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-9049-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-9049-6

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