Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nanocrystalline Ni coatings strengthened with ultrafine particles

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, nanocrystalline Ni powders and thermally sprayed coatings, containing ultrafine AlN particles, were synthesized and characterized. The results indicated that the presence of AlN particles in the powders drastically decreased the dimension of agglomerates formed by cryomilling and increased the surface roughness of the agglomerates. The AlN phase was broken down into ultrafine particles of approximately 30 nm in size. These particles were dispersed in the Ni matrix and enhanced the development of a nanocrystalline structure in the Ni matrix during cryomilling. Selected-area diffraction patterns, obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray mapping with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed the presence of AlN particles in the coatings. The presence of AlN particles also led to an increase in the amount of NiO phase that was distributed in the coating, in the form of ultrafine, round particles. AlN particles increased the microhardness of the Ni coating by approximately 60 pct. Indentation-fracture results also indicated that the fine, dispersed AlN particles raised the apparent toughness of the Ni coating. The synthesized Ni coatings containing ultrafine AlN particles were characterized as equiaxed nanocrystalline grains with an average size of 24 nm, in which twins were observed. The increase in microhardness resulted from both grain refinement and the presence of ultrafine particles. The latter played the primary role in strengthening.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N.F. Mott and F.R.N. Nabarro: Proc. Phys. Soc., 1940, vol. 52, p. 86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. E. Orowan: Symp. on Internal Stress in Metals and Alloys: Session III Discussion, Institute of Metals, London, 1948, p. 451.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A.J. Ardell: Metall. Trans. A, 1985, vol. 16A, pp. 2131–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. C.S. Smith: Trans. AIME, 1948, vol. 175, pp. 15–51.

    Google Scholar 

  5. D.G. Morris and M.A. Morris: Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, vol. 39, pp. 1763–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M.J. Luton, C.S. Jayanth, M.M. Disco, S. Matras, and J. Vallone: in Multicomponent Ultrafine Microstructures, L.E. McCandlish, B.H. Kear, D.E. Polk, and R.W. Siegel, eds., Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989, pp. 79–86.

    Google Scholar 

  7. R.J. Perez, H.G. Jiang, C.P. Dogan, and E.J. Lavernia: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 2469–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. B. Huang, J. Vallone, and M.J. Luton: Nanostr. Mater., 1995, vol. 5, pp. 631–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.D. Whittenberger and M.J. Luton: J. Mater. Res., 1995, vol. 10, pp. 1171–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. He and E.J. Lavernia: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, vol. A 301, pp. 69–79.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. He, M. Ice, J.M. Schoenung, D.H. Shin, and E.J. Lavernia: J. Thermal Spray Technol., 2001, vol. 10, pp. 293–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.L. Lau, J. He, A.J. Melmed, T.A. Lusby, R. Schweinfest, M. Ruhle, and E.J. Lavernia: J. Mater. Res., 2002, vol. 17, pp. 1041–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. E.A. Brands and G.B. Brook: Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1992, pp. 8:23–8:26.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Certificate of Analysis comes with the AlN powder, CERAC Inc., Milwaukee, WI, 2001.

  15. F.G. Wilson and T. Gladman: Int. Mater. Rev., 1988, vol. 33, pp. 221–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M.L. Bauccio: Metals Reference Book, 3rd ed., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1999, p. 153.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. He, M. Ice, S. Dallek, and E.J. Lavernia: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, vol. 31A, pp. 541–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. He, M. Ice, and E.J. Lavernia: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, vol. 31A, pp. 555–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. He, K.H. Chung, X. Liao, Y.T. Zhu, and E.J. Lavernia: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2003, vol. 34A, pp. 707–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. He, L. Ajdelsztajn, and E.J. Lavernia: J. Mater. Res., 2001, vol. 16, pp. 478–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. He, M. Ice, and E.J. Lavernia: Nanostr. Mater., 1998, vol. 10, pp. 1271–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. He and E.J. Lavernia: J. Mater. Res., 2001, vol. 16, pp. 2724–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. H.P. Klug and L.E. Alexander: X-ray Diffraction Procedures, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1974, p. 643.

    Google Scholar 

  24. X. Zhang, H. Wang, J. Narayan, and C.C. Koch: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 1319–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Xu, J.H. He, and E. Ma: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, vol. 28A, pp. 1569–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J.S. Benjamin: Metall. Trans. 1970, vol. 1, pp. 2943–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. He, M. Ice, and E.J. Lavernia: J. Thermal Spray Technol., 2000, vol. 10, pp. 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  28. X.D. Liu, M. Nagumo, and M. Umemoto: Mater. Trans., JIM, 1997, vol. 38, pp. 1033–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. C. Suryanarayana, D. Mukhopadhyay, S.N. Patankar, and F.H. Froes: J. Mater. Res., 1992, vol. 7, pp. 2114–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D.A. Konstantinidis and E.C. Aifantis: NanoStructured Mater., 1998, vol. 10, pp. 1111–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. G.R. Anstis, P. Chantikul, B.R. Lawn, and D.B. Marshall: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1981, vol. 64, pp. 533–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. V. Fervel, B. Normand, and C. Coddet: Wear, 1999, vol. 230, pp. 70–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Li, K.A. Khor, and P. Cheang: Surf. Coating Technol., 2002, vol. 155, pp. 21–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Nakahira, K. Tani, K. Miyajima, and Y. Harada: Proc. Int. Thermal Spray Conf. Exp., Orlando, FI, May 28–June 5, 1992, C.C. Berndt, ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1992, pp. 1011–17.

    Google Scholar 

  35. T. Gnaupel-Herold and H.J. Prask: Annual Report, 2000, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 28–29.

    Google Scholar 

  36. R.S. Mishra, M.W. Mahoney, S.X. McFadden, N.A. Mara, and A.K. Mukherjee: Scripta Mater., 2000, vol. 42, pp. 163–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. He, Y. Liu, Y. Qiao, T.E. Fischer, and E.J. Lavernia: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, vol. 33A, pp. 145–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Y. Liu, Y. Qiao, J. He, E.J. Lavernia, and T.E. Fischer: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, vol. 33A, pp. 159–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H.A. Wriedt: in Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., T.B. Massalski, ed., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1990, p. 176.

    Google Scholar 

  40. F. Benesovsky: in Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., M. Grayson, ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1978, vol. 15, p. 876.

    Google Scholar 

  41. S. Novak and T. Kosmac: J. Mater. Res., 2002, vol. 17, pp. 445–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. B.D. Gullity: Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, MA, 1959, p. 474.

    Google Scholar 

  43. V.V. Sobolev, J.M. Guilemany, J. Nutting, and J.R. Miquel: Int. Mater. Rev., 1997, vol. 42, pp. 117–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. P. Scharwaechter, M. Wimmer, R. Wurschum, D. Plachke, and H.D. Carstanjen: Nanostr. Mater., 1999, vol. 11, pp. 37–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, 95616-5294, Davis, CA

    Jianhong He (Materials Scientist) & Julie M. Schoenung (Professor)

Authors
  1. Jianhong He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Julie M. Schoenung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

He, J., Schoenung, J.M. Nanocrystalline Ni coatings strengthened with ultrafine particles. Metall Mater Trans A 34, 673–683 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0101-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0101-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation