Abstract
In this study, we preliminarily investigated the dynamic rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake by using an extended boundary integral equation method, in which the effect of ground surface can be exactly included. Parameters for numerical modeling were carefully assigned based on previous studies. Numerical results indicated that, although many simplifications are assumed, such as the fault plane is planar and all heterogeneities are neglected, distribution of slip is still consistent roughly with the results of kinematic inversion, implying that for earthquakes in which ruptures run up directly to the ground surface, the dynamic processes are controlled by geometry of the fault to a great extent. By taking the common feature inferred by various kinematic inversion studies as a restriction, we found that the critical slip-weakening distance Dc should locate in a narrow region [60 cm, 70 cm], and supershear rupture might occur during this earthquake, if the initial shear stress before the mainshock is close to the local shear strength.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrews D J (1976). Rupture propagation with finite stress in antiplane strain. J Geophys Res81: 3 575–3 582.
Andrews D J (1985). Dynamic plane-strain shear rupture with a slip-weakening friction law calculated by a boundary integral method. Bull Seism Soc Amer75: 1–21.
Aochi H, Fukuyama E and Matsu’ura M (2000). Spontaneous rupture propagation on a non-planar fault in 3-D elastic medium. Pure Appl Geophys157: 2 003–2 027.
Chen X F (1999). Seismogram synthesis in multi-layered half-space Part I. Theoretical formulations. Earth Res China13: 149–174.
Chen X F and Zhang H M (2006). Modelling rupture dynamics of a planar fault in 3-D half space by boundary integral equation method: An overview. Pure Appl Geophys163(2–3): 267–299.
Fukuyama E and Madariaga R (1998). Rupture dynamics of a plannar fault in a 3D elastic medium: rate- and slip-weakening friction. Bull Seism Soc Amer88: 1–17.
Harris R A and Day S M (1993). Dynamics of fault interaction: parallel strike-slip faults. J Geophys Res98: 4 461–4 472.
Harris R A and Day S M (1999). Dynamic 3-D simulations of earthquakes on an echelon faults. Geophys Res Lett26: 2 089–2 092.
Iwata T, Sekiguchi H and Pitarka A (2000). Source and site effects on strong ground motions in near-source area during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, Eos Trans AGU81(48), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S72B-07.
Kennett B L N (1983). Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Ma K F, Mori J, Lee S J and Yu S B (2001). Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Bull Seism Soc Amer91: 1 069–1 087.
Madariaga R, Olsen K B and Archuleta R J (1998). Modeling dynamic rupture in a 3D earthquake fault model. Bull Seism Soc Amer88: 1 182–1 197.
Oglesby D D, Archuleta R J and Nielson S (2000). The three-dimensional dynamics of dipping faults. Bull Seism Soc Amer90: 616–628.
Oglesby D D and Day S (2001a). The effect of fault geometry on the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake. Geophys Res Lett28: 1 831–1 834.
Oglesby D D and Day S (2001b). Fault geometry and the dynamics of the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake. Bull Seism Soc Amer91: 1 099–1 111.
Olsen K B, Madariaga R and Archuleta R J (1997). Three dimensional dynamic simulations of the 1992 Landers earthquake. Science278: 834–838.
Ouchi T, Lin A, Chen A and Maruyama T (2001). The 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake: Earthquake fault and strong motions. Bull Seism Soc Amer91: 966–976.
Shin T C and Teng T L (2001). An overview of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Bull Seism Soc Amer91: 895–914.
Wu C J, Takeo M and Ide S (2001). Source process of the Chi-Chi earthquake: A joint inversion of strong motion data and global positioning system data with a multifault model. Bull Seism Soc Amer91: 1 128–1 143.
Wang W M (2003). Rupture process of moderately strong earthquakes. Ph. D. thesis Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (in Chinese).
Xu L S, Chen Y T, Teng T L and Patau G (2002). Temporal-spatial rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake from IRIS and GEOSCOPE long-period waveform data using aftershocks as empirical Green’s functions. Bull Seism Soc Amer92: 3 210–3 228.
Zhang H M and Chen X F (2006a). Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three-dimensional half space — I. Theory. Geophys J Int164(3): 633–652.
Zhang H M and Chen X F (2006b). Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three-dimensional half space — II. Validations and numerical experiments. Geophys J Int167(2): 917–932.
Zhang H M and Chen X F (2007). Effect of ground surface on the dynamic ruptures of earthquakes, submitted to Science in China (Series D).
Zhang W B, Iwata T, Irikura K, Sekiguchi H and Bouchon M (2003). Heterogeneous distribution of the dynamic source parameters of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. J Geophys Res108(B5): 2 232, doi:10.1029 /2002JB001889.
Zhang W B, Iwata T, Irikura K, Pitaka A and Sekiguchi H (2004). Dynamic rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Geophys Res Lett31: L10605, doi: 10.1029/2004GL109827.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, H., Chen, X. Dynamic rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Earthq Sci 22, 3–12 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-009-0003-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-009-0003-8