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Numerical simulation of strong ground motion for the M s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008

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Abstract

The Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 is the most destructive earthquake in China in the past 30 years in terms of property damage and human losses. In order to understand the earthquake process and the geo-morphological factors affecting the seismic hazard, we simulated the strong ground motion caused by the earthquake, incorporating three-dimensional (3D) earth structure, finite-fault rupture, and realistic surface topography. The simulated ground motions reveal that the fault rupture and basin structure control the overall pattern of the peak ground shaking. Large peak ground velocity (PGV) is distributed in two narrow areas: one with the largest PGV values is above the hanging wall of the fault and attributed to the locations of fault asperities and rupture directivity; the other is along the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin and caused by both the directivity of fault rupture and the amplification in the thick sediment basin. Rough topography above the rupture fault causes wave scattering, resulting in significantly larger peak ground motion on the apex of topographic relief than in the valley. Topography and scattering also reduce the wave energy in the forward direction of fault rupture but increase the PGV in other parts of the basin. These results suggest the need for a localized hazard assessment in places of rough topography that takes the topographic effects into account. Finally, had the earthquake started at the northeast end of the fault zone and ruptured to the southwest, Chengdu would have suffered a much stronger shaking than it experienced on 12 May, 2008.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, RI, 02882, Rhode Island, USA

    Wei Zhang & Yang Shen

  2. School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    XiaoFei Chen

Authors
  1. Wei Zhang
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  2. Yang Shen
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  3. XiaoFei Chen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to XiaoFei Chen.

Additional information

Supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. EAR 0738779 and OCE 0727919), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418404), and partially by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40521002)

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Zhang, W., Shen, Y. & Chen, X. Numerical simulation of strong ground motion for the M s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008. Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. 51, 1673–1682 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-008-0130-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-008-0130-4

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