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Antithrombosis activity of protocatechuic and shikimic acids from functional plant Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc needles

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Abstract

Pine needle extract (PE) and fermented pine needle extract (FPE) have been reported to show various biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cholesterol, gastrointestinal motility control, and fibrinolytic effect. The aims of our research were to isolate fibrinolytic compounds from PE and FPE and evaluate their antithrombotic activity in vitro and in vivo. Protocatechuic (1) and shikimic (2) acids were isolated and identified from FPE. 1 and 2 not only have fibrinolysis activity but also inhibit fibrin formation similar to aspirin. Lysis of fibrin clots by 1 and 2 occurred completely at pH 2–4. Results of SDS-PAGE showed that fibrin polypeptide chains (Aα, Bβ, γ) lysed by 1 and 2 were intact. The antithrombotic effects of 1 and 2 were confirmed by models of carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis, collagen and epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism in mice, and FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombus. Moreover, 1 and 2 did not induce hemorrhage in the tail veins of mice, unlike common antithrombotic compounds. We also measured changes in the quantities of 1 and 2 obtained from FPE. As fermentation progressed, we demonstrated that the quantity of 1 steadily increased, while the quantity of 2 did not significantly change. We therefore demonstrated that FPE is an excellent resource for 1 and 2 and can be produced inexpensively in sufficient quantities for industrial-scale extraction.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by research Fund from Chosun University, 2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea

    Jaeyoung Park, Beomgi Lee, Hakjoon Choi, Woong Kim & Hyeonsook Cheong

  2. Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea

    Ho-Joong Kim

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  1. Jaeyoung Park
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  2. Beomgi Lee
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  3. Hakjoon Choi
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  4. Woong Kim
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  5. Ho-Joong Kim
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  6. Hyeonsook Cheong
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Correspondence to Hyeonsook Cheong.

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Park, J., Lee, B., Choi, H. et al. Antithrombosis activity of protocatechuic and shikimic acids from functional plant Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc needles. J Nat Med 70, 492–501 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-015-0956-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-015-0956-y

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