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Diurnal variations in salivary protein carbonyl levels in normal and cognitively impaired human subjects

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Abstract

Oxidative stress has been documented in tissues and biofluids of subjects with sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to determine whether (a) salivary protein carbonyls are elevated in AD and MCI subjects, (b) salivary protein carbonyl contents in these groups exhibit diurnal variation, and (c) apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (apoE ɛ4) carrier status impacts salivary carbonyl concentrations or rhythmicity in the AD and MCI cohorts. Unstimulated saliva was collected at fixed intervals between 8 AM and 10 PM from 15 AD subject , 21 MCI subjects, and 30 cognitively-intact controls. Salivary protein carbonyl concentrations were measured by ELISA. ApoE genotyping was performed on the AD and MCI individuals. For all groups, mean protein carbonyl contents were significantly elevated at 2 PM relative to other time points surveyed. Mean salivary protein carbonyl concentrations did not differ among the diagnostic groups. ApoE ɛ4 carriers exhibited less temporal variation in salivary protein carbonyls relative to noncarriers. Thus, protein carbonyl content exhibits diurnal variation in adult human saliva. ApoE ɛ4 carrier status may impact oropharyngeal disease expression by attenuating the inherent diurnal variability in salivary redox homeostasis. Salivary protein carbonyls do not differentiate AD and MCI from normal individuals. In conclusion, oxidative stress has been documented in tissues and biofluids of subjects with sporadic AD and MCI. This article demonstrates that levels of protein carbonyls, a marker of oxidative stress, exhibit robust diurnal variation in the saliva of normal elderly, MCI, and AD subjects. Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele carrier status may attenuate this temporal variability in salivary redox homeostasis and thereby impact the natural history of oropharyngeal diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and internal JGH funds (to HMS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Neurotranslational Research and Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Haixiang Su, Guoyan Geng, Howard Chertkow & Hyman M. Schipper

  2. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B3, Canada

    Haixiang Su, Guoyan Geng, Howard Chertkow & Hyman M. Schipper

  3. Department of Dentistry, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Mervyn Gornitsky

  4. Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada

    Mervyn Gornitsky

  5. Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Ana M. Velly

  6. Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, S.M.B.D Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Hyman M. Schipper

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  1. Haixiang Su
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  2. Mervyn Gornitsky
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Correspondence to Hyman M. Schipper.

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Su, H., Gornitsky, M., Geng, G. et al. Diurnal variations in salivary protein carbonyl levels in normal and cognitively impaired human subjects. AGE 30, 1–9 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-007-9042-z

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