Abstract
Sawdust loaded with zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) was prepared using a liquid phase reduction method for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water. Surface chemistry and morphology of adsorbents were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM-mapping, EDX, and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). The results demonstrated that the zero-valent iron was successfully loaded onto the sawdust. The impact of various factors such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, and contact time on the removal capability of the adsorbents was systematically investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data showed that the adsorption of arsenic ions and Cr(III) followed the Langmuir model well, and the maximum adsorption reached 111.37 and 268.7 mg/g in an aqueous solution system. In addition, the adsorption kinetics was more accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting the domination of chemical adsorption. Meanwhile, the results on recyclability indicated that the high performance of S-ZVI on the removal of arsenic ions was well maintained after three regeneration cycles. The adsorption mechanism revealed in this work suggested that S-ZVI improved the dispersion of ZVI by minimizing the agglomeration, thus leading to highly effective adsorption via chelation, electrostatic interaction, and redox reaction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bang S, Johnson MD, Korfiatis GP, Meng X (2005) Chemical reactions between arsenic and zero-valent iron in water. Water Res 39:763–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.022
Chang D, Chen T, Liu H, Xi Y, Qing C, Xie Q, Frost RL (2014) A new approach to prepare ZVI and its application in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 244:264–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.01.095
Chen PJ, Tan SW, Wu WL (2012) Stabilization or oxidation of nanoscale zerovalent iron at environmentally relevant exposure changes bioavailability and toxicity in medaka fish. Environ Sci Technol 46:8431–8439. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3006783
Chen C, Xu J, Yang Z, Zhang L, Cao C, Xu Z, Liu J (2017) One-pot synthesis of ternary zero-valent iron/phosphotungstic acid/g-C3N4 composite and its high performance for removal of arsenic(V) from water. Appl Surf Sci 425:423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.049
Chiwetalu UJ, Mbajiorgu CC, Ogbuagu NJ (2020) Remedial ability of maize (zea-mays) on lead contamination under potted condition and non-potted field soil condition. J Bioresour Bioprod 5:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2020.03.006
de Oliveira FM, Somera BF, Corazza MZ, Yabe MJ, Segatelli MG, Ribeiro ES, Lima EC, Dias SL, Tarley CR (2011) Cellulose microfiber functionalized with N,N'-bis (2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine as a solid sorbent for the fast preconcentration of Cd(II) in flow system analysis. Talanta 85:2417–2424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.088
Dementjev AP, Ad G, MCMvd S, Maslakov KI, Naumkin AV, Serov AA (2000) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reference data for identification of the C3N4 phase in carbon-nitrogen films. Diam Relat Mater 9:1904–1907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00345-9
Dos Santos HH, Demarchi CA, Rodrigues CA, Greneche JM, Nedelko N, Slawska-Waniewska A (2011) Adsorption of As(III) on chitosan-Fe-crosslinked complex (Ch-Fe). Chemosphere 82:278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.033
Du H et al (2016) Preparation and characterization of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals via a sustainable approach of FeCl3-catalyzed formic acid hydrolysis. Cellulose 23:2389–2407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0963-5
Du M, Zhang Y, Hussain I, Du X, Huang S, Wen W (2019) Effect of pyrite on enhancement of zero-valent iron corrosion for arsenic removal in water: a mechanistic study. Chemosphere 233:744–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.197
Fakhre NA, Ibrahim BM (2018) The use of new chemically modified cellulose for heavy metal ion adsorption. J Hazard Mater 343:324–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.043
Godwin PM, Pan Y, Xiao H, AFZAL MT (2019) Progress in the preparation and application of modified biochar for improving heavy metal ion removal from wastewater. J Bioresour Bioprod 4:31–42. https://doi.org/10.21967/jbb.v4i2.180
Gupta A, Yunus M, Sankararamakrishnan N (2012) Zerovalent iron encapsulated chitosan nanospheres-a novel adsorbent for the removal of total inorganic arsenic from aqueous systems. Chemosphere 86:150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.003
Han B, Zhang M, Zhao D, Feng Y (2015) Degradation of aqueous and soil-sorbed estradiol using a new class of stabilized manganese oxide nanoparticles. Water Res 70:288–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.017
Hao L, Zheng T, Jiang J, Zhang G, Wang P (2016) Removal of As(III) and As(V) from water using iron doped amino functionalized sawdust: characterization, adsorptive performance and UF membrane separation. Chem Eng J 292:163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.01.097
Huang L, Xiao H, Ni Y (2006) Cationic-modified microporous zeolites/anionic polymer system for simultaneous removal of dissolved and colloidal substances from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 49:264–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.10.009
Kanel SR, Grenèche J-M, Choi H (2006) Arsenic(V) removal from groundwater using nano scale zero-valent iron as a colloidal reactive barrier material. Environ Sci Technol 40:2045–2050. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0520924
Kim J, Benjamin MM (2004) Modeling a novel ion exchange process for arsenic and nitrate removal. Water Res 38:2053–2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.012
Koushkbaghi S, Zakialamdari A, Pishnamazi M, Ramandi HF, Aliabadi M, Irani M (2018) Aminated-Fe3O4 nanoparticles filled chitosan/PVA/PES dual layers nanofibrous membrane for the removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions in adsorption and membrane processes. Chem Eng J 337:169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.075
Li Q, Renneckar S (2011) Supramolecular structure characterization of molecularly thin cellulose I nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 12:650–659. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm101315y
Li Z, Wang L, Meng J, Liu X, Xu J, Wang F, Brookes P (2018) Zeolite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron: new findings on simultaneous adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and As(III) in aqueous solution and soil. J Hazard Mater 344:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.036
Li B, Li M, Zhang J, Pan Y, Huang Z, Xiao H (2019a) Adsorption of Hg (II) ions from aqueous solution by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-modified cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 122:149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.162
Li M, Li B, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Wang R, Xiao H (2019b) Fluorescence-sensitive adsorbent based on cellulose using for mercury detection and removal from aqueous solution with selective “on-off” response. Int J Biol Macromol 132:1185–1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.048
Li YP, Huang GH, Cui L, Liu J (2019c) Mathematical modeling for identifying cost-effective policy of municipal solid waste management under uncertainty. J Environ Inf 34:55–67. https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201900417
Li M, Wang B, Yang M, Li Q, Calatayud DG, Zhang S, Wang H, Wang L, Mao B (2020a) Promoting mercury removal from desulfurization slurry via S-doped carbon nitride/graphene oxide 3D hierarchical framework. Sep Purif Technol 239:116515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116515
Li M, Xiong G, Zhang Y, Yu X, Cao Q, Xiao H (2020b) Remarkable fluorimetric response and colorimetric sense on the mercury deionization in aqueous solution by a new adsorbent based on chitosan. Eur Polym J 130:109663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109663
Liu W, Zhang J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Li Y (2010) Adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) by Fe-modified activated carbon prepared from trapa natans husk. Chem Eng J 162:677–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.06.020
Liu T, Yang X, Wang ZL, Yan X (2013) Enhanced chitosan beads-supported Fe(0)-nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater in permeable reactive barriers. Water Res 47:6691–6700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.006
Liu T, Yang Y, Wang Z-L, Sun Y (2016) Remediation of arsenic(III) from aqueous solutions using improved nanoscale zero-valent iron on pumice. Chem Eng J 288:739–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.12.070
Liu P, Liang Q, Luo H, Fang W, Geng J (2019) Synthesis of nano-scale zero-valent iron-reduced graphene oxide-silica nano-composites for the efficient removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:33507–33516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06320-6
Lu Y, Liang X, Niyungeko C, Zhou J, Xu J, Tian G (2018) A review of the identification and detection of heavy metal ions in the environment by voltammetry. Talanta 178:324–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.033
Ma J, Shen Y, Shen C, Wen Y, Liu W (2014) Al-doping chitosan–Fe(III) hydrogel for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. Chem Eng J 248:98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.098
Mandal BK, Suzuki KT (2002) Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta 58:201–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(02)00268-0
Mende M, Schwarz D, Steinbach C, Boldt R, Schwarz S (2016) Simultaneous adsorption of heavy metal ions and anions from aqueous solutions on chitosan-investigated by spectrophotometry and SEM-EDX analysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 510:275–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.033
Mohan D, Pittman CU Jr (2007) Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents-a critical review. J Hazard Mater 142:1–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.006
Pan Y, Xie H, Liu H, Cai P, Xiao H (2019) Novel cellulose/montmorillonite mesoporous composite beads for dye removal in single and binary systems. Bioresour Technol 286:121366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121366
Qin N, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Geng Z, Liu G, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Wang G (2016) Enhanced removal of trace Cr(VI) from neutral and alkaline aqueous solution by FeCo bimetallic nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 472:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.025
Ratna Kumar P, Chaudhari S, Khilar KC, Mahajan SP (2004) Removal of arsenic from water by electrocoagulation. Chemosphere 55:1245–1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.025
Sarma GK, Sen Gupta S, Bhattacharyya KG (2019) Nanomaterials as versatile adsorbents for heavy metal ions in water: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:6245–6278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-04093-y
Sciban M, Radetic B, Kevresan Z, Klasnja M (2007) Adsorption of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by wood sawdust. Bioresour Technol 98:402–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.014
Sherlala AIA, Raman AAA, Bello MM, Buthiyappan A (2019) Adsorption of arsenic using chitosan magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite. J Environ Manag 246:547–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.117
Shivam G, Goyal MK, Sarma AK (2018) Index-based study of future precipitation changes over Subansiri River catchment under changing climate. J Environ Inf 34:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201700376
Singh J, Sharma M, Basu S (2018) Heavy metal ions adsorption and photodegradation of remazol black XP by iron oxide/silica monoliths: kinetic and equilibrium modelling. Adv Powder Technol 29:2268–2279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2018.06.011
Su F, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Wang G (2016) Three-dimensional honeycomb-like structured zero-valent iron/chitosan composite foams for effective removal of inorganic arsenic in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 478:421–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.06.035
Suazo-Hernandez J, Sepúlveda P, Manquián-Cerda K, Ramírez-Tagle R, Rubio MA, Bolan N, Sarkar B, Arancibia-Miranda N (2019) Synthesis and characterization of zeolite-based composites functionalized with nanoscale zero-valent iron for removing arsenic in the presence of selenium from water. J Hazard Mater 373:810–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.125
Sun X, Zhu J, Gu Q, You Y (2018) Surface-modified chitin by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and adsorption of Cd(II). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 555:103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.041
Wang F, Pan Y, Cai P, Guo T, Xiao H (2017) Single and binary adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using sugarcane cellulose-based adsorbent. Bioresour Technol 241:482–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.162
Wang C, Wu Y, Qu T, Liu S, Pi Y, Shen J (2019) Enhanced Cr(VI) removal in the synergy between the hydroxyl-functionalized ball-milled ZVI/Fe3O4 composite and Na2EDTA complexation. Chem Eng J 359:874–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.104
Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wangjin X, Wang Y, Meng G, Chen Y (2020) The adsorption behavior of metals in aqueous solution by microplastics effected by UV radiation. J Environ Sci (China) 87:272–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.07.006
Wei Y, Wei S, Liu C, Chen T, Tang Y, Ma J, Yin K, Luo S (2019) Efficient removal of arsenic from groundwater using iron oxide nanoneedle array-decorated biochar fibers with high Fe utilization and fast adsorption kinetics. Water Res 167:115107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115107
Xu C, Yang W, Liu W, Sun H, Jiao C, Lin AJ (2018) Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite. J Environ Sci (China) 67:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.003
Xue W, Huang D, Zeng G, Wan J, Zhang C, Xu R, Cheng M, Deng R (2018) Nanoscale zero-valent iron coated with rhamnolipid as an effective stabilizer for immobilization of cd and Pb in river sediments. J Hazard Mater 341:381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.028
Yang F, Zhang S, Sun Y, Cheng K, Li J, Tsang DCW (2018) Fabrication and characterization of hydrophilic corn stalk biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composites for efficient metal removal. Bioresour Technol 265:490–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.029
Yin R, Niu Y, Zhang B, Chen H, Yang Z, Yang L, Cu Y (2019) Removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by silica-gel/PAMAM dendrimer hybrid materials. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:18098–18112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05220-z
Zhang Y, Li Y, Li J, Sheng G, Zhang Y, Zheng X (2012) Enhanced Cr(VI) removal by using the mixture of pillared bentonite and zero-valent iron. Chem Eng J 185-186:243–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.095
Zhao S, Huang G, Wang X, Fan Y, An C (2017) Sorption of phenanthrene onto diatomite under the influences of solution chemistry: a study of linear sorption based on maximal information coefficient. J Environ Inf. https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201600329
Zhu H, Jia Y, Wu X, Wang H (2009) Removal of arsenic from water by supported nano zero-valent iron on activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 172:1591–1596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.031
Zimmermann AC, Mecabo A, Fagundes T, Rodrigues CA (2010) Adsorption of Cr(VI) using Fe-crosslinked chitosan complex (Ch-Fe). J Hazard Mater 179:192–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.078
Zouboulis A, Katsoyiannis I (2002) Removal of arsenates from contaminated water by coagulation–direct filtration. Sep Sci Technol 37:2859–2873. https://doi.org/10.1081/ss-120005470
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21466005 and 21507029), the Dean Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology (No. 2018 k001), and NSERC Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 1663 kb).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, X., Zhang, J., Xie, H. et al. Cellulose-based adsorbents loaded with zero-valent iron for removal of metal ions from contaminated water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 33234–33247 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09390-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09390-z