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Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach

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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change.

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Acknowledgments

The work conducted for this paper was supported by funding from the Oregon Community Foundation’s 2013–14 Katherine Bisbee II Grant and Oregon Sea Grant Contaminants Grant #NA10OAR4170059. This paper benefited from the insights, assistance, and edits provided by Dr. Eugene Foster, Joey Peters, Konrad Miziolek, and three anonymous reviewers.

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  1. Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA

    Emma Prichard & Elise F. Granek

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  1. Emma Prichard
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Correspondence to Elise F. Granek.

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Prichard, E., Granek, E.F. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 22365–22384 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7282-0

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