Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental and Finite Element Simulation Study of Thermal Relaxation of Residual Stresses in Laser Shock Peened IN718 SPF Superalloy

  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An integrated experimental and modeling/simulation approach was developed to investigate and secure a quantified knowledge of the impact of high temperature exposures on the stability of residual stresses in a laser shock peened (LSP) high temperature aero-engine alloy, IN718 SPF (super-plastically formed). Single dimple LSP and overlap LSP treatments were carried out utilizing a Nd:Glass laser (λ = 1.052 μm), and subsequent heat treatments on the LSP-treated coupons were conducted at different temperatures between 550 and 700 °C. A 3-D nonlinear finite element (FE) computational model and the rate-dependent Johnson-Cook material model were calibrated using the experimental results of residual stress from the single dimple LSP and thermal relaxation treatments, and were further extended to the overlap LSP treatment case. Both experimental and FE simulations show that: a) a high level of compressive residual stress (~700 MPa at surface) and residual stress depth (~0.4–0.6 mm) were achieved following LSP, and b) the overlap LSP treatment gave higher residual stress and greater depth. The magnitudes of the initial residual stress (and plastic strain), heating temperature and exposure time were identified as the key parameters controlling the thermal relaxation behavior. The stress relaxation mainly occurs initially before 20 min exposure and the extent of relaxation increases with an increase in temperature and a higher magnitude of the initial as-peened residual stress. In addition, in regions deeper than ~300 μm or after initial thermal exposure where the residual stress was lower than ~300 MPa, stress relaxation was found to be negligible. Kinetic analysis of the experimental thermal relaxation data based on Zener-Wert-Avrami model gave an activation enthalpy of 2.87 to 3.77 eV, which is near that reported in the literatures for volume and/or substitutional solute diffusion in Nickel. These results suggest that thermal relaxation of the LSP-induced residual stress occurs by a creep-like mechanism involving recovery, rearrangement and annihilation of dislocations by climb.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhuang W, Wicks B (2003) Mechanical surface treatment technologies for gas turbine engine components. J Eng Gas Turbines Power-Trans ASME 125(4):1021–1025. doi:10.1115/1.1610011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Clauer AH, Lahrman DF (2001) Laser shock processing as a surface enhancement process. Key Eng Mater 197:121–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Montross CS, Wei T, Ye L, Clark G, Mai YW (2002) Laser shock processing and its effects on microstructure and properties of metal alloys: a review. Int J Fatigue 24(10):1021–1036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Peyre P, Fabbro R (1995) Laser shock processing: a review of the physics and applications. Opt Quant Electron 27(12):1213–1229. doi:10.1007/bf00326477

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gill AS, Zhou Z, Lienert U, Almer J, Lahrman DF, Mannava SR, Qian D, Vasudevan VK (2012) High spatial resolution, high energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction characterization of residual strains and stresses in laser shock peened Inconel alloy 718SPF alloy. J Appl Phys 111(8):084904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hornbach DJ, Prevey PS, Loftas EF (2007) Application of low plasticity burnishing (LPB) to improve the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V femoral hip stems. In: Jerina KL (ed) Fatigue and Fracture of Medical Metallic Materials and Devices, vol 1481. American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publication. 45–55

  7. Rubio-Gonzalez C, Gomez-Rosas G, Ocana JL, Molpeceres C, Banderas A, Porro J, Morales A (2006) Effect of an absorbent overlay on the residual stress field induced by laser shock processing on aluminum samples. Appl Surf Sci 252(18):6201–6205. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.08.062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Nalla RK, Altenberger I, Noster U, Liu GY, Scholtes B, Ritchie RO (2003) On the influence of mechanical surface treatments-deep rolling and laser shock peening-on the fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V at ambient and elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 355:216–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhou Z, Bhamare S, Ramakrishnan G, Mannava SR, Langer K, Wen Y, Qian D, Vasudevan VK (2012) Thermal relaxation of residual stress in laser shock peened Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. Surf Coat Technol 206(22):4619–4627. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Schafrik R, Sprague R (2008) Superalloy technology - a perspective on critical innovations for turbine engines. Key Eng Mater 380:113–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. McClung RC (2007) A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 30(3):173–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Holzapfel H, Schulze V, Vohringer O, Macherauch E (1998) Residual stress relaxation in an AISI 4140 steel due to quasistatic and cyclic loading at higher temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 248:9–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee H, Mall S (2004) Stress relaxation behavior of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4 V under fretting fatigue at elevated temperature. Mater Sci Eng A 366:412–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vohringer O, Hirsch T, Macherauch E (1984) Relaxation of shot peening induced residual stresses of Ti6Al4V by annealing or mechanical treatment. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Titanium, Munich, FRG. 2203–2210

  15. Khadhraoui M, Cao W, Castex L, Guedou JY (1997) Experimental investigations and modelling of relaxation behaviour of shot peening residual stresses at high temperature for nickel base superalloys. Mater Sci Technol 13(4):360–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Masmoudi N, Castex L, Bertoli A (1989) Influence of temperature and time on the stress relaxation process of shot peened IN100 superalloys. Mater Tech Paris 77(11–12):29–36

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cao W, Khadhraoui M, Brenier B, Guedou JY, Castex L (1994) Thermomechanical relaxation of residual-stress in shot peened nickel-base superalloy. Mater Sci Technol 10(11):947–954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Prevey P, Hornbach D, Mason P (1998) Thermal residual stress relaxation and distortion in surface enhanced gas turbine engine components. In: et.al. DLM (ed) Proceedings of the 17th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition and the 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium, ASM Materials Park, OH. 3–12

  19. Buchanan DJ, John R, Brockman RA (2009) Relaxation of shot-peened residual stresses under creep loading. J Eng Mater Technol 131(3):031008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Braisted W, Brockman R (1999) Finite element simulation of laser shock peening. Int J Fatigue 21(7):719–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ding K, Ye L (2003) FEM simulation of two sided laser shock peening of thin sections of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. Surf Eng 19(2):127–133

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Ding K, Ye L (2003) Three-dimensional dynamic finite element analysis of multiple laser shock peening processes. Surf Eng 19(5):351–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hu Y, Yao Z, Hu J (2006) 3-D FEM simulation of laser shock processing. Surf Coat Technol 201:1426–1435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Peyre P, Chaieb I, Braham C (2007) FEM calculation of residual stresses induced by laser shock processing in stainless steels. Model Simul Mater Sci Eng 15(3):205–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Warren AW, Guo YB, Chen SC (2008) Massive parallel laser shock peening: simulation, analysis, and validation. Int J Fatigue 30(1):188–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Amarchinta HK, Grandhi RV, Clauer AH, Langer K, Stargel DS (2010) Simulation of residual stress induced by a laser peening process through inverse optimization of material models. J Mater Process Technol 210(14):1997–2006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Bhamare S, Ramakrishnan G, Mannava SR, Langer K, Vasudevan VK, Qian D (2013) Simulation-based optimization of laser shock peening process for improved bending fatigue life of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy. Surf Coat Technol 232(0):464–474. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Aghdam AB, Chakherlou TN, Saeedi K (2010) An FE analysis for assessing the effect of short-term exposure to elevated temperature on residual stresses around cold expanded fastener holes in aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Mater Des 31(1):500–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhou Z, Gill AS, Qian D, Mannava SR, Langer K, Wen Y, Vasudevan VK (2011) A finite element study of thermal relaxation of residual stress in laser shock peened IN718 superalloy. Int J Impact Eng 38(7):590–596. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Moore M, Evans W (1958) Mathematical correction for stress in removed layers in X-ray diffraction residual stress analysis. SAE Trans 66:340. doi:10.4271/580035

    Google Scholar 

  31. Fabbro R, Fournier J, Ballard P, Devaux D, Virmont J (1990) Physical study of laser-produced plasma in confined geometry. J Appl Phys 68(2):775–784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Johnson GR, Cook WH (1983) A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures. In: 7th International Symposium on Ballistics, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 1983. 541–547

  33. Underwood P (1983) Dynamic relaxation. In: Belytschko T, Hughes TJR (eds) Computational methods for transient analysis. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 245–265

    Google Scholar 

  34. Song N, Qian D, Cao J, Liu WK, Li SF (2001) Effective models for prediction of springback in flanging. J Eng Mater Technol-Trans ASME 123(4):456–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ahmed N, Mitrofanov AV, Babitsky VI, Silberschmidt VV (2006) Analysis of material response to ultrasonic vibration loading in turning Inconel 718. Mater Sci Eng -Struct Mater Prop Microstruct Process 424(1–2):318–325. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Clifton RJ (1983) Dynamic plasticity. J Appl Mech-Trans ASME 50:941–952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Thomas A, El-Wahabi A, Cabrera JM, Prado JM (2006) High temperature deformation of Inconel 718. J Mater Process Technol 177(1–3):469–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Yuan H, Liu WC (2005) Effect of the delta phase on the hot deformation behavior of Inconel 718. Mater Sci Eng -Struct Mater Prop Microstruct Process 408(1–2):281–289. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Vasu A, Hu YX, Grandhi RV (2013) Differences in plasticity due to curvature in laser peened components. Surf Coat Technol 235:648–656. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Lohe D, Vohringer O (2002) Stability of residual stresses. In: Totten GE, Howes MAH, Inoue T (eds) Handbook of residual stress and deformation of steel. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 54–69

    Google Scholar 

  41. Fine ME (1964) Introduction to phase transformation in condensed systems. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  42. Schulze V, Vöhringer O, Macherauch E Thermal relaxation of shot peening induced residual stresses in a quenched and tempered steel 42CrMo4, Ed. J. Champagne, 1996 Conf. In: Proc., The Sixth Int. Conf. on Shot Peening ICSP6, San Francisco. 265–274

  43. Hoffmeister J, Schulze V, Wanner A, Hessert R, Koenig G (2008) Thermal Relaxation of Residual Stresses induced by Shot Peening in IN718. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Shot Peening, Tokyo, Japan. 157–162

  44. Kaur I, Gust W (1989) Handbook of grain and interphase boundary diffusion data. Ziegler Press, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  45. Medeiros SC, Prasad Y, Frazier WG, Srinivasan R (2000) Microstructural modeling of metadynamic recrystallization in hot working of IN 718 superalloy. Mater Sci Eng -Struct Mater Prop Microstruct Process 293(1–2):198–207. doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(00)01053-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors (ZZ, ASG, SRM, DQ, VKV) would like to thank the National Science Foundation (grant # DMR-0706161, CMMI-1335204, 1334538), General Dynamics Information Technologies (GDIT)/Air Force Research Laboratory/RBSM (contract # FA-8650-3446-29-SC-001, Mr. Kevin Hunt, Program Monitor); and Battelle-DOE-NEUP (contract# 88635, Dr. Sebastien Teysseyre, Program Monitor, Idaho National Laboratory) for financial support of this research; and Special Metals for supplying the IN718SPF alloy sheet for this study. We also gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the State of Ohio, Department of Development and Third Frontier Commission, which provided funding in support of the “Ohio Center for Laser Shock Processing for Advanced Material and Devices” and the experimental and computational equipment in the Center that was used in this work. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these documents are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, GDIT, Battelle-DOE-NEUP and ODOD. This work was also supported in part by the start up fund from the University of Texas at Dallas and an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA

    Zhong Zhou, Dong Qian & Dong Qian

  2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA

    Amrinder S. Gill, Abhishek Telang, Seetha R. Mannava & Vijay K. Vasudevan

  3. Air Force Research Laboratory/RQSS, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA

    Kristina Langer

Authors
  1. Zhong Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amrinder S. Gill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abhishek Telang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seetha R. Mannava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kristina Langer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Vijay K. Vasudevan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dong Qian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dong Qian.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, Z., Gill, A.S., Telang, A. et al. Experimental and Finite Element Simulation Study of Thermal Relaxation of Residual Stresses in Laser Shock Peened IN718 SPF Superalloy. Exp Mech 54, 1597–1611 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-014-9940-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-014-9940-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation