Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Kolsky Bar Wave Separation Using a Photon Doppler Velocimeter

  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A method to permit wave separation with a Kolsky bar is described. A photon Doppler velocimeter (PDV) is used to measure particle velocity at the location of each strain-gage. These measurements are used with the measured strain to separate wave-trains that in general exist in each bar (for example, an incident and reflected pulse) even when they are superimposed at the gage location. This can extend the duration of the experiment and permit more freedom in the types of loadings that can be applied to a specimen. It was found that the PDV measurement of particle velocity often contains a significant component due to bending waves. A method to account for bending is described but requires multiple PDV measurements at each gage position.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Bending about the y-axis may also be present, but its effect is assumed small since it will result largely in translation in the z-direction, which the probes in Figure 4 are insensitive to.

  2. A strain gage is a Lagrangian measurement, but the PDV is Eulerian.

  3. The authors have investigated other methods for measuring particle velocity for wave separation; see [25].

References

  1. Kolsky H (1949) Proc Phys Soc B 62:676–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Follansbee PS (1985) The Hopkinson Bar. Metals handbook 8(9). American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, pp 198–217

  3. Chen W, Song B (2011) Split Hopkinson (Kolsky) Bar. Springer, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Gorham DA (1983) A numerical method for the correction of dispersion in pressure bar signals. J Phys E Sci Instrum 16:477–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Follansbee PS, Franz C (1983) Wave propagation in the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. J Eng Mat Tech 105:61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gong JC, Malvern LE, Jenkins DA (1990) Dispersion investigation in the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. J Eng Mat Tech 112:309–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lundberg B, Blanc RH (1988) Determination of mechanical material properties from the two-point response of an impacted linearly viscoelastic rod specimen. J Sound Vib 126(1):197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhao H, Gary GA (1995) Three dimensional analytical solution of the longitudinal wave propagation in an infinite linear viscoelastic cylindrical bar, application to experimental techniques. J Mech Phys Solids 43(8):1335

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhao H, Gary G, Klepaczko JR (1997) On the use of a viscoelastic Split Hopkinson Bar. Int J Impact Eng 19:319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bacon C (1998) An experimental method for considering dispersion and attenuation in a viscoelastic Hopkinson Bar. Exp Mech 38(4):242–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sawas O, Brar NS, Brockman RA (1998) Dynamic characterization of compliant materials using an all-polymeric Split Hopkinson Bar. Exp Mech 38:205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gilat A, Matrka T (2010) A new compression intermediate strain rate testing apparatus. Proc of the SEM Annual Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, June 7–10, 2010

  13. Park SW, Zhou M (1999) Separation of elastic waves in Split Hopkinson Bars using one-point strain measurements. Exp Mech 39(4):287–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lundberg B, Henchoz A (1977) Analysis of elastic waves from two-point strain measurement. Exp Mech 17:213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao H, Gary GA (1997) A new method for the separation of waves. Application to the SHPB technique for an unlimited duration of measurement. J Mech Phys Solids 45(7):1185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Othman R, Gary G (2007) Testing aluminum alloy from quasi-static to dynamic strain-rates with a modified Split Hopkinson Bar method. Exp Mech 47:295–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Casem DT, Fourney W, Chang P (2003) Wave separation in viscoelastic pressure bars using single-point measurements of strain and velocity. Polymer Test 22(2)

  18. Strand OT, Goosman DR, Martinez C, Whitworth TL (2006) Compact system for high-speed velocimetry using heterodyne techniques. Sci Instr Rev 77:083108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Casem DT, Grunschel SE, Schuster BE (2012) Normal and transverse displacement interferometers applied to small diameter Kolsky bars. Exp Mech 52(2):173–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Casem DT, Dwivedi AK Compression Response of a Thermoplastic Elastomer Gel Tissue Surrogate over a Range of Strain-Rates (in review)

  21. Avinadav C, Ashuach Y, Kreif R (2011) Interferometry-based Kolsky bar apparatus. Rev Sci Instrum 82:073908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kolsky H (1963) Stress waves in solids. Dover, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Graff KF (1991) Wave motion in elastic solids. Dover, New York

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dally JW, Riley WF (1991) Experimental stress analysis, 3rd edn. MacGraw Hill, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  25. Casem DT, Zellner MB (2012) Measurements of particle velocity within a Kolsky Bar with applications to wave separation. In: Chalivendra V et al. (eds) Dynamic behavior of materials, volume 1: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. RDRL-WMP-C, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005-5069, USA

    D. T. Casem

  2. RDRL-WMP-D, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005-5069, USA

    M. B. Zellner

Authors
  1. D. T. Casem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. B. Zellner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. T. Casem.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Casem, D.T., Zellner, M.B. Kolsky Bar Wave Separation Using a Photon Doppler Velocimeter. Exp Mech 53, 1467–1473 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9735-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9735-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation