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Salmonella and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Survival in Soils Amended with Poultry Manure

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Abstract

Minimizing the risks associated with manure-borne pathogenic microorganisms requires an understanding of microbial survival under realistic field conditions. The objective of this 3-year study was to assess the fate of Salmonella (SALM) and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), E. coli (EC) and enterococci (ENT), in glacial till-derived soils, after application of poultry manure (PM) to cornfields under chisel-plowed (CP) or no-till (NT) management. From 2010 to 2012, soil samples were obtained each spring at 0–15- and 15–30-cm depths, to determine whether over-wintering of target bacteria had occurred. Sampling was followed by application of PM at low (PM1) and high (PM2) rates, based on nitrogen application goals. In 2012, soil samples were collected 21, 42, and 158 days after manure application (DAM), to assess the effects of time, application rates, and tillage on frequency of detection and concentrations of target bacteria. Despite dry conditions, all three target organisms were detected 158 DAM in 2012, and detection of these organisms in spring soil samples from manured plots in 2011 and 2012, nearly a full year after PM application, suggests that these organisms can persist in the soil environment long after application. The highest SALM concentration (790 cfu/g dry weight) and detection rate (25%) was found in PM2 plots 42 DAM. SALM were detected more frequently in CP plots (20%) compared to NT plots (5%). In contrast, tillage practices had no apparent effect on EC or ENT survival, as indicated by both soil, and decay rates estimated from tile-water bacteria concentrations. Decay rate constants (μ) ranged from 0.044 to 0.065 day−1 for EC and 0.010 to 0.054 day−1 for ENT.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by Iowa State University and a 3-year grant from the Iowa Egg Council as part of a long-term study of the impacts of poultry manure application on soil and water quality. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Iowa Egg Council. Numerous graduate and undergraduate students at Iowa State University and volunteers assisted with sample collection and analyses, including Ross Tuttle, Kendal Agee, Amanda Homan, Jason Garder, Nick Terhall, and Conrad Brendel. The use of specific products in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Claire E. Hruby

  2. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 3358 Elings Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Michelle L. Soupir

  3. National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, USDA ARS, 2110 University Boulevard, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Thomas B. Moorman

  4. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 4306B Elings Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Carl Pederson

  5. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 2212 NSRIC, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Ramesh Kanwar

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Hruby, C.E., Soupir, M.L., Moorman, T.B. et al. Salmonella and Fecal Indicator Bacteria Survival in Soils Amended with Poultry Manure. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3667-z

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