Abstract
We employed the staggered extension process (StEP) to shuffle the S1 genes from four infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains representing four unique serotypes. Upon creating a shuffled S1 gene library, we randomly selected 25 clones and analyzed them by DNA sequencing. In total, eleven clones contained novel S1 gene recombinants. Based on sequence data, each recombinant was unique and contained a full-length open reading frame. The average number of crossovers per recombinant was 5 and the average number of point mutations was 1.3, leading mostly to non-synonymous amino acid changes. No recombinant contained sequences from all four parental genes and no recombinant contained any sequence from the distantly related Delaware 072 strain. Our data suggests that recombination between distantly related IBV strains within the S1 gene probably does not readily occur. This finding is extremely important in light of the common industry vaccination practice of mixing different live-attenuated IBV strains.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
King D.J. and Cavanagh D., in Calnek B.W. (ed.), Diseases of Poultry, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1991, pp. 471–484.
L. Wang D. Junker E.W. Collisson (1993) Virology 192 IssueID2 710–716 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.1993.1093 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhtFyjur8%3D Occurrence Handle8380672
W. Jia K. Karaca C.R. Parrish S.A. Naqi (1995) Arch Virol 140 IssueID2 259–271 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01309861 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXltFSitrY%3D Occurrence Handle7710354
S.A. Kottier D. Cavanagh P. Britton (1995) Virology 213 IssueID2 569–580 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.1995.0029 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpsVGhs74%3D Occurrence Handle7491781
C.W. Lee M.W. Jackwood (2000) Arch Virol 145 IssueID10 2135–2148 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s007050070044 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosFOjtL0%3D Occurrence Handle11087096
C.W. Lee M.W. Jackwood (2001) Virus Res 80 IssueID1–2 33–39 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00345-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsVSmsbw%3D Occurrence Handle11597746
C.W. Lee M.W. Jackwood (2001) Virus Genes 22 IssueID1 85–91 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1008138520451 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFWitbY%3D Occurrence Handle11210943
W.P. Stemmer (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 IssueID22 10747–10751 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhsleltLw%3D Occurrence Handle7938023
W.P. Stemmer (1994) Nature 370 IssueID6488 389–391 Occurrence Handle10.1038/370389a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlvFOjsrs%3D Occurrence Handle8047147
N.W. Soong L. Nomura K. Pekrun M. Reed L. Sheppard G. Dawes W.P. Stemmer (2000) Nat Genet 25 IssueID4 436–439 Occurrence Handle10.1038/78132 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlvVeru7k%3D Occurrence Handle10932190
K. Miyazaki (2002) Nucleic Acids Res 30 IssueID24 e139, 2002
H. Zhao L. Giver Z. Shao J.A. Affholter F.H. Arnold (1998) Nat Biotechnol 16 IssueID3 258–261 Occurrence Handle10.1038/nbt0398-258 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhvVWlu7g%3D Occurrence Handle9528005
Jungherr, in Proc 60th Ann Mtg U.S.LS.A, 1956
J. Gelb SuffixJr B.E. Perkins J.K. Rosenberger P.H. Allen (1981) Avian Dis 25 IssueID3 655–666 Occurrence Handle6274294
J. Gelb SuffixJr C.L. Keeler SuffixJr W.A. Nix J.K. Rosenberger S.S. Cloud (1997) Avian Dis 41 IssueID3 661–669 Occurrence Handle9356713
Senne D.A., in Swayne, D.E. (ed.), A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens, American Association of Avian Pathologists: Kennett Square, 1998, pp. 235–240
H.M. Kwon M.W. Jackwood J. Gelb SuffixJr (1993) Avian Dis 37 IssueID1 194–202 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyC1Mbkslc%3D Occurrence Handle8095782
C.W. Lee D.A. Hilt M.W. Jackwood (2000) Avian Dis 44 IssueID3 650–654 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvltFehtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11007014
H.G. Niesters N.M. Bleumink-Pluym A.D. Osterhaus M.C. Horzinek B.A. Zeijst Particlevan der (1987) Virology 161 IssueID2 511–519 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0042-6822(87)90145-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlt1Gguw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle2446423
D. Cavanagh P.J. Davis A.P. Mockett (1988) Virus Res 11 IssueID2 141–150 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0168-1702(88)90039-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlvVCmtr0%3D Occurrence Handle2462314
K.M. Moore M.W. Jackwood D.A. Hilt (1997) Arch Virol 142 IssueID11 2249–2256 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s007050050239 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsVamsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9672590
K.M. Moore J.D. Bennett B.S. Seal M.W. Jackwood (1998) Virus Genes 17 IssueID1 63–83 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1008057118625 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmt1yhtLg%3D Occurrence Handle9778790
M.W. Jackwood D.A. Hilt S.A. Callison C.W. Lee H. Plaza E. Wade (2001) Avian Dis 45 IssueID2 366–372 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FhsVClug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11417816
P.Y. Chou G.D. Fasman (1978) Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 47 45–148 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkvFOjtQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle364941
A. Kant G. Koch D.J. Roozelaar Particlevan J.G. Kusters F.A. Poelwijk B.A. Zeijst Particlevan der (1992) J Gen Virol 73 IssueIDPt3 591–596 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhslWrsL8%3D Occurrence Handle1372036
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Callison, S., Hilt, D. & Jackwood, M. Using DNA Shuffling to Create Novel Infectious Bronchitis Virus S1 Genes: Implications for S1 Gene Recombination. Virus Genes 31, 5–11 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-004-2194-3
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-004-2194-3